Browsing by Author "Saeed, Arifa"

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    National institutional framework and consumer protection: unlocking the nexus through systematic literature review
    (Frontline Education Research, 2025-01-24) Saeed, Arifa; Awan, Bilal Malik; Zahra, Arooj; Nakitende, G. Marie
    Nowadays, institutional framework and consumer protection are considered as one of the most burning topics for researchers and the academicians. This study is an attempt to explore the effective national institutional framework of consumer protection. The study has used systematic literature review to highlight the effectiveness of institutional framework ofconsumer protection. The findings of the study uncover that, despite having consumer protection laws, enforcement remains weak in many countries due toweak institutional framework. Moreover, inefficiencies and lack of transparency within regulatory bodies undermine consumer trust and law enforcement. The study has suggested that there is a dire need of collaboration between governments, businesses, and civil society to create a holistic consumer protection ecosystem. The topic is still open for other researchers as this study has endeavors to partially explore the importance of institutional framework for consumer protection.
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    Revisiting trade, energy and growth nexus in Portugal: an empirical evidence from ARDL approach
    (Bigedu Foundation - Centre for Research on Poverty and Attitude, 2024-03) Riaz, Sabahat; Saeed, Arifa; Naushahi, Muhammad Mudassar; Nakitende, Marie G.
    This research is aimed at revisiting the trade, energy, and growth nexus for Portugal. This nexus will be tested by considering the cointegration test developed by Pesaran et al. (2001). An annual data series from 1986-2022 will be used for analysis. The empirical results suggest that trade openness significantly increases economic activities in Portugal. The results further show that capital formation, energy consumption, and consumer prices also elevate domestic production. Among all these factors, trade openness strongly impacts economic growth. It is further stated that these findings are robust based on all the applied diagnostic tests. Based on these findings, investments should be enhanced to boost trade, capital, and energy so Portugal can enjoy increased economic activities. Besides this, domestic prices may be boosted in such a way that it may not harm the buying power of the buyers but may help improve domestic production and economic growth.