Thesis and Dissertations

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Deforestation and Livelihoods-Examining the Effects of Deforestation on Rural Livelihoods: A Case study of Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2003) Tumwesigye Anthony K.
TUMWESIGYE .K. ANTHONY (2003-MA-DL-035) Deforestation and Livelihoods-Examining the Effects of Deforestation on Rural Livelihoods: A Case study of Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District. Deforestation means reduction or loss of the biological and economic productivity of forests and woodlands resulting from land use or a combination of processes arising from human activities. Forests are important habitats for biodiversity and provide crucial eco-system services in terms of soil and watershed protection and the economic value of the numerous products and services they provide. Worldwide, 1.6 billion people depend on forests to some extent while over 60 million indigenous people depend directly on forests for their survival. However, forests are under pressure due to deforestation. Uganda‟s forest cover has halved during the past century, and currently is shrinking at a rate of 55,000 hectares per year (FAO, 2004).The loss of forested areas upsets soil-water relations, contributes to global warming, brings erosion, and lowers water quantity and quality which affects human health. People gather medicinal plants, fuel wood and derive food from the forests to support their livelihoods hence the loss of these habitats leads to a lower quality of life. Despite these effects, no factual information is readily available about the effects deforestation on the livelihoods of the local communities, in this case in Maliba sub-county. This study set out to determine the impact of deforestation on the livelihoods of local communities in the sub-county. It focused on the causes of deforestation and its effects, challenges of combating deforestation and possible mitigation measures. The study found out that forests are a source of products such as firewood for domestic use and sale, poles for construction, charcoal mainly for sale, food (fruits, honey and mushrooms), medicinal plants, game meat and hand craft materials. More still, forests provide employment and protect soil from erosion, increase soil fertility and are important for water catchment and tourism, cultural values and climatic amelioration. All these support the livelihoods of the majority of the local communities. Cutting of forests for agricultural expansion, firewood extraction for domestic and industrial uses, pit sawing for timber, and cutting of trees for poles and charcoal are the leading causes of deforestation. Others are poor extension services, corruption and population increase, lack of alternatives to wood resources, over harvesting due to poor planning, poverty, indirect nature of conservation benefits, weak regulation and enforcement of existing laws and policies, urbanisation and industrial growth, and inappropriate processing technologies. Decreased availability of forest products, increased erosion, gullies and bare lands, decreased agricultural production, decrease in water quality and quantity, increased landslides and floods, loss of biodiversity, increased temperatures, and decline in revenues, increased incidences of diseases, increase in prices of the forest products are some of the effects of deforestation that negatively impact on the livelihoods of the local communities in the sub-county. The study recommends empowering of National Forestry Authority and District Forestry Services, by government and conservation organisations to implement policies and plans through capacity building and provision of adequate resources, promotion of alternatives, sustainable utilisation, promotion of alternative sources of income, and linking the agencies to carbon markets for more funds as some of the mitigation measures to combat the effects of deforestation on local communities‟ livelihoods. Key Words: Deforestation, Rural Livelihoods, Kasese District.
Partnership between Public and Private Sector in Achieving Excellence in Service Delivery: A Case Study of a Partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and Local Community in Katakwi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2004) Onyait Francis Micheal
ONYAIT FRANCIS MICHAEL (2004-M093-10044) Partnership between Public and Private Sector in Achieving Excellence in Service Delivery: A Case Study of a Partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and Local Community in Katakwi District. The purpose of this study is to investigate the partnership between Public and Private Sector in achieving excellence in service delivery. A case study is drawn from the partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and the local community in Katakwi district. The specific objectives for the study included: to establish the extent to which the partnership between ActionAid International, Katakwi district local government and local communities has improved the delivery of services in Katakwi district; to examine the factors that are important drivers and interrupters of service delivery in the partnership between ActionAid International, the local government and the local community in Katakwi district. The main findings and conclusions from the study are: Overall, ActionAid International (AAI) is significantly narrowing the infrastructure deficit and food insecurity in Katakwi district which has improved greatly since 1997. There is evidently a joint partnership arrangement between AAI, Katakwi district local government and communities in the five subcounties of Ngariam, Magoro, Omodoi, Toroma and Kapujan. There is no published Public Private Partnership (PPP) policy in Uganda. The AAI programme has a weak Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy in most of the interventions. There was a tendency of AAI interventions to emphasise on the hardware bit and little attention was done on the software, management and ownership issues. The staff and policy makers at both the district and sub-counties do not have any continuous source of up to date information on the strategies and most interventions of AAI despite the presence of the partnership arrangement. It was physically evident that, the poverty level among the majority of Katakwi district rural populations was still very high. Key Words: Partnership, Public and Private Sector, Service Delivery, Local Government, ActionAid International, Local Community, Katakwi District.
The Socio-economic Effects of Depression on Children in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of Aswa County, Gulu District
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2005) Alal Single Dora
ALAL SINGLE DORA (2005-M033-1008) The Socio-economic Effects of Depression on Children in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of Aswa County, Gulu District Many children fell prey of the 23 years armed conflict in Northern Uganda. Both the government and rebel groups caused adverse harm to the children destroying social facilities and lives. The communities were displaced into the Internally Displaced Persons‟ (IDP) camps with appalling conditions for human beings and children suffered significantly. The parents, government and other stakeholders failed to provide adequate protection to the children and because of these multiple sufferings the children in northern Uganda and Gulu have not recovered from the loss. Depression is associated with numerous negative and long lasting psychosocial problems in children, reduced functionality, suicide and even death. Available research and studies show that depression resulting from war and violence may have serious consequences on future adult development of adolescents; coupled with time lost, financial constraints and stress that the parents face with upbringing a depressed child. Unfortunately, these disorders often go unrecognised by families and physicians alike. In this study, the research is focusing on examining the social and economic effects of depression on children in a post-conflict situation. In carrying out of the study, the researcher chose a case study strategy as the most suitable approach for this research to examine the socio-economic effects of depression on children in a post-conflict situation. Both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in the study, structured 13 questionnaire, focus group discussion guide and interview guide to enlist information from different respondents. Data analysis was done using EPI DATA. Overall, the study findings show that knowledge about depression is still very scanty with the children not able to identify depression symptoms and not able to know that they are depressed. The worst part of it all is that they do not know they are actually sick and need to seek medical attention. The assessment and analysis of data on the effects of depression on social relations of the children found that majority of the children have poor relationships with their peers, parents and caretakers. Depression affects children‟s behaviours negatively and this affects children‟s positive development and may lead to other delinquent behaviours which expose them to more risks and abuse. Depression reduces the energy to engage in productive activities both at school and at home as found out by this study. This can affect their school performance negatively leading to failures in examinations. The researcher concluded that depression affects both the social and economic life of children with serious short term and long term negative consequences both for the child, family, community and consequently affecting their positive development into adult life. Therefore, early identification and treatment is very important in helping the conditions not to become chronic. There should be increased intentional community mobilisation and awareness raising to understand that depression is just like any illness that can be prevented and treated effectively. The government should ensure consistent implementation of the mental health act and health services bill to allow for continuous flow of drugs to health centres and this should be backed by increasing the number of personnel in the mental health department. Parents and adolescents should be aware of the warning signs of depression and suicidal thoughts and report any sign of danger immediately to the health units or professionals Keywords: The Socio-economic Effects, Depression on Children in a Post-Conflict Area, Gulu District
Assessment of women’s participation in the urban informal sector: a case study of Kalerwe market, Kawempe division in Kampala city
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2005) Kinyera Tony Apecu
KINYERA TONY APECU (2005-M033-10009) Assessment of Women’s Participation in the Urban Informal Sector: A Case Study of Kalerwe Market, Kawempe Division in Kampala City The study was aimed at assessing women‟s participation in the urban informal sector with a case study of Kalerwe market, Kawempe division in Kampala City. The main objective of the study was to find out why women‟s participation in the urban informal sector has made little impact on their socio-economic development despite their dominant role in the sector. The study further explored the socio-economic activities women are engaged in, examined factors that contribute to women‟s involvement, the challenges faced by women and how women‟s involvement in the informal sector could contribute to their socio-economic development. The research questions raised in this study were aimed at finding out: what socio-economic activities are women engaged in, factors influencing women‟s involvement, challenges they face, and how women‟s involvement in the informal sector contributes to their socio-economic development and ways of improving on their work conditions. The research design used in this study is case study. It gave the researcher room for in-depth investigation and deeper insights and understanding of problems being faced by women in the informal sector. The study was carried out in Kalerwe market located in Kalerwe village, Mulago III Parish, Kawempe division in Kampala. Female market vendors, customers and Kampala City Council (KCC) officials were considered as study population. The total sample size was 80 respondents. It included 40 women engaged in activities in Kalerwe market, 30 customers/buyers and 10 KCC officials. The researcher purposively targeted these categories because of richness in information regarding the study. The researcher used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through interviews, observation and questionnaires. The researcher obtained valuable secondary data from newspapers, journals on the internet and other published materials. Data analysis was done through descriptive writing, giving details of the findings. Data was both descriptive and inferential. For statistical data, frequency tables were used and for descriptive data, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was used. Data analysis was done by using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The researcher sought permission from KCC authority to conduct the study. Confidentiality of the respondents, honesty and openness were adhered to during the study. The findings showed that women of different age groups and marital status are involved in several activities, including sale of fresh food stuffs, second hand clothes, fruits, and air time. It was also found out that women are faced with challenges in the informal trade. These include among others: lack of capital, lack of required skills, harassment from Kampala City Council Officials, bad debtors, 9 unfair competition from formal traders, bad weather conditions, taxation, high rent, inadequate information on market opportunities, available services, new technology and support programmes, lack of required skills, poor physical infrastructure facilities in the market, absence of organised and recognised interest groups to champion the women‟s cause in the market. The findings also revealed that women get involved in informal sector due to a number of factors which include: widespread poverty, the radical downsizing of the civil service during the 1990s and a generally a poor business climate in the country, unemployment, population increase, sustained rural- urban migration. Informal trade is found to be the major source of income to women and profitable. The findings further revealed that women spend their earnings on household requirements and taxes to government The researcher, therefore, recommends that key stakeholders such Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs), government and international agencies should explore ways of availing credit facilities to women, training them in basic skills in commerce and establishment of service infrastructure in the market. Keywords: Urban Informal Sector, Women’s Participation, Kalerwe Market
Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ndoleriire Kyomuhendo Patrick
NDOLERIIRE KYOMUHENDO PATRICK (2006-M092-10006) Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda. This dissertation presents findings and recommendations on challenges the Batwa, a minority group in Kigezi sub-region of Uganda, face in formal education. With a focus on primary and secondary levels, the researcher set out to better understand the challenges the Batwa face. Formal education is looked at as both a human right and a development issue for the Batwa. The Batwa are believed to be indigenous to the forests in the Great Lakes Region but in Uganda they were evicted from the forests in favour of biodiversity conservation. Up to 40% live as squatters paying their land lords through labour. While some do manual work to earn a days‟ meal for the family, others live by begging. Only a handful can read or write. Many, especially the youth, have taken to drug abuse. The study was guided by the following research questions: What are the challenges faced by the Batwa in formal education? Does the formal education system suit the Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region? And can formal education facilitate well-being of the Batwa? Much as the formal education system in Uganda is criticised for irrelevancy to the context, without it the Batwa will remain excluded from development frameworks for generations which undermines their realisation of other human rights and poverty eradication initiatives. Based on field findings and analyses, recommendations to address the challenges, and make Batwa girls and boys participate in and benefit from formal education, will be made. The dissertation progressively introduces the situation of the Batwa in the region, gives a statement of the problem and objectives of the research. This is followed by research methodology and the conceptual framework. The concluding section contains analyses of data, conclusion and recommendations to address the challenges. The data were obtained from 72 self-administered questionnaires, 12 focus group discussions and 9 one-to-one interviews. The challenges are associated with a household such as lack of food, shelter, educational materials; personalities such the Batwa negative attitudes towards formal education; the discriminatory environment; and the inappropriate education system, as well as lack of role-models and support by parents. The reflective participatory methodology employed by the study, involved both the Batwa as rights holders, and duty bearers. Both are critical players if Batwa boys and girls in the Kigezi sub-region are to overcome their challenges in formal education. This approach was useful and led respondents to question what could be done to address the situation. Indeed CARE International in Uganda, where the researcher worked at the time, was developing a project proposal aimed at addressing some of the challenges. The author recommends integrated approaches to addressing the challenges, because all are inter-linked, and reinforce one another. The government of Uganda invests heavily in formal education, yet Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region hardly benefit. The researcher recommends affirmative action for the Batwa and resettlement by government as a long term strategy to address the plight of the Batwa. Of critical importance is the need to address the discriminatory tendencies among the majority ethnic groups as this stretches from home, community, to school and local decision making processes; as well as orienting Batwa attitude to embrace formal education. Until Batwa families in the sub-region appreciate and are able to support their children in formal education, and the children have sustained interest in formal education, other efforts will not yield much. The families should be able to meet their physiological needs of food, shelter, clothing, and specifically sanitary requirements for girls. Key Words: Formal Education, Kigezi Sub-Region.
Assessing Factors Influencing Hygiene and Sanitation Practices in Soroti District: A Case Study of Arapai Sub-County
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Agelu Charles
AGELU CHARLES (2006-03-MA-DL-003) Assessing Factors Influencing Hygiene and Sanitation Practices in Soroti District: A Case Study of Arapai Sub-County A lot of resources have been sunk into the water and sanitation sector by various actors; Government, local and international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to improve the water, hygiene and sanitation situation in the country. In spite of all these, the sanitation situation has remained poor. Even households with sanitation facilities in place do not operate or maintain them. The study was conducted to assess the factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices in Soroti district, a case study of Arapai sub-county. The study variables were: poverty, culture and illiteracy. Purposive sampling, questionnaires, interview guides, focus group discussions and observation check-lists were used to collect data from the respondents. The specific objectives of the study were: to assess how culture influences adoption of hygiene and sanitation practices, to examine how poverty influences adoption of hygiene and sanitation practices and to assess how literacy levels influence adoption of hygiene and sanitation practices. The research questions were; what cultural practices affect hygiene and sanitation? How does poverty influence hygiene and sanitation practices and how literacy levels affect hygiene and sanitation practices. The findings reveal that poverty, illiteracy and culture influence hygiene and sanitation practices in Soroti district. In order to come out of this rather difficult situation, there is need for a critical analysis of the situation so as to design appropriate interventions. This also requires a joint effort by various development actors in the region so as to have a uniform approach to development intervention. Key areas that need action are: provision of adequate extension services, subsidisation of hygiene and sanitation materials, setting up of sanitation bi-laws, regular follow-ups, involvement of community based institutions like cultural and religious leaders, involvement of women who are the primary users of water and sanitation facilities and more research into the topic so as to get further insights into factors that affect hygiene and sanitation practices in the area. Keywords: Hygiene and Sanitation, Soroti District
An Assessment of the Impact of the Local Government Development Programme on the Improvement of Health Service Delivery: A Case Study of Soroti District
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Egunyu Dorah
EGUNYU DORAH (2006-M092-10002) An Assessment of the Impact of the Local Government Development Programme on the Improvement of Health Service Delivery: A Case Study of Soroti District The study assessed the impact of the Local Government Development Programme (LGDP) on the improvement of health service delivery in Soroti district. The objectives of the study where three pronged 1) to establish the benefits of the LGDP in the improvement of health service delivery and 2) to ascertain the challenges encountered in the implementation of the LGDP and 3) to examine the mechanisms used to address the challenges encountered in the implementation of the LGDP in order to improve health service delivery. The study findings would, therefore, provide a platform for discussion of recommendations directed to address the challenges encountered in the implementation of the LGDP in order to improve health service delivery. The study employed a case study research design and both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were utilised. The study sample space targeted one hundred respondents, with the bulk of interviewees (80) being selected as a category of health service users within the target community and 20 key informants. The study findings indicated that the most highly rated benefits of health service delivery under the LGDP were immunisation (67.5%) and distance to health centres (26.3%) which community members rated very good. Corruption (10.9%) was cited as the main challenge to the LGDP while construction of more health centres (10.1%) was rated highest for best government local health strategy. The salient conclusion of the study was that despite the construction of health centres that ameliorated issues around distance and good immunisation programmes, corruption continued to pose a glaring threat to effective health service delivery. Key issues touching on drug outs, doctor to patient ratio resulting in high death rates from even curable diseases still remained persistent, invariably discounting gains from the LGDP. Recommendations in the study include: equipping health centres with drugs and other operational facilities, sustenance of immunisation campaigns, organising refresher courses for serving health practitioners, as well as training more health workers and creation of a national health think tank among others. Keywords: Health service delivery, Local government development, Soroti district
Effects of Neglecting Culture in Child Protection and Development in Pastoral Communities of Karamoja: A Case Study of Rupa Sub-County in Matheniko County, Moroto District Karamoja Region
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Achom Oluka Irene
ACHOM OLUKA IRENE (2006-M033-10019) Effects of Neglecting Culture in Child Protection and Development in Pastoral Communities of Karamoja: A Case Study of Rupa Sub-County in Matheniko County, Moroto District Karamoja Region The study was about the effects of neglecting culture in promoting child protection and development in pastoral communities in Rupa sub-county in Moroto district -Karamoja region. It was meant to identify the cultural institutions, values, norms that enhance child protection and development and correspondingly establish the effects of cultural neglect in child protection and development. The study also highlights factors which influence cultural neglect in child protection and development in order to find solutions and recommendations to such problems through the analysis done by the researcher after data collection. Three hundred and sixty seven (367) respondents were randomly selected for the study. Primary data were collected through indepth informant interviews and focus group discussions. Various agency and government of Uganda publications and textbooks were used then as sources of secondary data. The research findings identified the following existing traditional institutions and practices which traditionally provided a platform for enhancement of child protection and development: the clan system, adolescent sexuality, courtship rape, marriage using animals, polygamy, care of orphans and widows, child birth, protection of children from evil or harm, naming of children, ownership of non-biological children, gender roles and livelihoods, mainstreaming of pastoralist protection issues, education, traditional healing/health care, nomenclature, disarmament/restoration of law and order in Karamoja, role of elders, congregating under trees (usually outside the manyata). The effects of neglecting culture in child protection and development were discussed alongside the above identified existing norms, institutions and values. Majority of these cultural institutions hold positive aspects of traditional child protection mechanisms which have been neglected due to the limiting factors such as: chronic insecurity and violence, rampant incidences of sexual abuse/rape, human sacrifices, failure of the current generation set to hand over power to the next generation set, decline in power of the traditional systems to regulate conflicts, poverty, chronic insecurity, women‟s role in raiding, pride in raiding, extended drought, lack of economic activities, loss of parents or guardians. However, neglecting some cultural practices was viewed as yielding positive effects for child protection and development. The study findings revealed that whereas there are both positive and negative effects of neglecting culture, the negative effects are more detrimental to child protection and development. Introduction of modern formal systems for child protection and development are not given ample time to evolve. Advocates of change are eager to see results of change in the short term. Both the Karimojong and the development partners (Government, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), private sector) need to take into consideration the role of culture in designing development programmes in order to develop appropriate sustainable child protection and development programmes for Karamoja with specific focus on Rupa sub-county. The research will contribute important and useful information to policy makers and development partners who are interested in promoting child protection and development in Rupa sub-county and to the government that is currently implementing the Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP) in Karamoja. This study will also help scholars in the academic field to undertake further research into issues of culture and development and it is important that this study was carried out to help Moroto district in designing its District Development Plans. NGOs and UN agencies will be able to evaluate the relevance and the effectiveness of their programme interventions using the recommendations of this research. Keywords: Pastoral Communities, Child Protection, Karamoja
Factors Influencing the Borrower’s Behaviour and Attitude towards Different Sources of Credit in Uganda: A Case Study of the Formal and Informal Lenders in Kampala.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Mwanje Charles Mark
MWANJE CHARLES MARK (MBA PT (2006-08)-041) Factors Influencing the Borrower’s Behaviour and Attitude towards Different Sources of Credit in Uganda: A Case Study of the Formal and Informal Lenders in Kampala The study examined the factors influencing the customer’s behaviour towards the different sources of credit services in Uganda. The case study was that of the formal and informal lenders in and around Kampala. The objective of the study was to establish the factors influencing the customer’s continued consumption of informal lenders‟ services amidst a blossoming formal lenders sector in Uganda. The research also aimed at evaluating the importance of these factors in explaining the co- existence of formal and informal financial service providers in Uganda. The study used primary data from a group of selected respondents from both the clients of the formal and informal lenders and the management of lending financial institutions. Two kinds of questionnaires were issued; one for clients and another for the management of the financial institutions. Data were collected by administration of a structured questionnaire to the different respondents that had been randomly selected. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and analytical methods with cross tabulation. From the study, it is noted that there is a number factors that influence customer’s choice of informal lenders over the formal lenders. The factors range from the loan application terms of lenders to other exogenous factors like the relationship and distance between the lenders and the borrowers, the borrower’s knowledge of the facilities offered by the lenders or lack of it. The loan application terms and condition that influence a customer’s choice of informal lenders over the formal lenders include loan amount, flexibility of loan terms, loan product type, loan processing time, collateral requirement, loan repayment period, loan purpose and transactional charges of the formal lenders. Loan pricing although very important in facilitating competition between the formal lenders, it was found not to be influential in preventing borrowers from acquiring credit from the informal lenders. Actually, borrowers rated the interest rates of the informal lenders very high yet they went ahead to obtain credit from them. The study recommends diversification of loan products, increase in flexibility of loan terms and processing speed, review in collateral requirements, and need to increase product awareness by the formal lenders. The study also recommends fiscal policy review by consideration of regulations for the informal money lenders. Key words: Credit, Borrower, Behaviour, Attitude, Lender
Corporate Governance and Accountability in Uganda: An Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives
(University of Dundee, 2006) Wanyama Simeon
This thesis examines the extent to which stakeholders in Uganda perceive the country’s present governance framework to be effective in providing confidence about the corporate sector. The study is based upon semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys with different groups of stakeholders in Uganda. The issues that are examined include the legal, regulatory and supervisory frameworks, the political framework, the cultural framework, the ethical framework and the economic framework underpinning governance in the nation’s corporate sector. The research adopts an accountability perspective to investigate the various issues that emerge; the results suggest that urgent action is needed in order to facilitate the implementation of a sound corporate governance system that provides for a meaningful degree of accountability.
Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation: A Case Study of Ernst & Young Kampala
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Rwajekare Julius
RWAJEKARE JULIUS (2006-03-MBA-PT-067) Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation: A Case Study of Ernst & Young Kampala The study set out to examine how leadership styles influence employee motivation. The study population was Ernst & Young Kampala‟s current and former employees in the period 2004 to 2008. Half of the study population was sampled using stratified random sampling. The research instruments including self-administered questionnaires, in-depth interviews and secondary data review were used. Human resources records and Ernst & Young people survey reports formed the secondary data. 115 The study revealed that the autocratic leadership style impacts on employee motivation positively or negatively depending on the characteristics of the employees. The autocratic style of leadership was found to be suitable for the AABS service line whose employees are relatively young and still need guidance and instructions while the democratic style of leadership was more suitable for the BAS and TAS service lines which have more experienced employees who know how to go about their tasks and need no instructions. Laissez-faire leadership is appropriate for mature and skilled senior teams where the skill level and competence of employees is high or when employees are known to be trustworthy and have a high level of pride in their own work. The study indicated that this leadership style was used by the ITRA service line and was associated with high employee turnover because employees lacked guidance and focus from the leadership of the opportunities available in the firm. The study indicated that a manager's leadership style contributes directly to the subordinates' motivation and work satisfaction, and the work progress in the organization. Good leadership plays an important role in all the factors that motivate people. There was no proactive application of leadership styles at Ernst & Young Kampala. The leadership styles used were generally driven by the individual leader‟s views. The study results indicated that there was a general mismatch between the respondents‟ expectations about appropriate leadership styles and what was applied in practice. The study made recommendations, the adoption of which will go a long way in improving the employee motivation levels for professional services firms with settings similar to those of Ernst & Young Kampala. The recommendations include, putting people into leadership positions through carefully executed selection and placement procedures, having and carrying out effective evaluation of leadership styles, having leaders with good understanding of leadership principles and theory as well as the application of leadership skills, tailoring the globally developed people management strategies to the local circumstances, considering leadership skills as key competence requirements for service line leaders, benchmarking of remuneration not only to the market rates but also to job complexity and review of the firm‟s strategy to ensure more certainty as to when personal objectives can be achieved. Key Words: Leadership Styles, Employee Motivation, Kampala
The Impact of Liberalisation on Foreign Direct Investment in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ijeu Angela
IJEU ANGELA (2006-03 MBA PT 0112009) The Impact of Liberalisation on Foreign Direct Investment in Uganda. This study looked at the impact of liberalisation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Uganda. Empirical data was obtained from major Government of Uganda publications. The study used macroeconomic time series, taking into account sector performance, gross domestic product, imports and exports data. Other information was from journals, bulletins, textbooks, and other major publications of organisations such as the World Bank. Internet sources were also used to obtain data which was not readily available in hardcopy form. The data collected were analysed to assess the impact of liberalisation on foreign direct investments using descriptive and quantitative designs. Furthermore, data were coded, edited, tabulated and presented statistically and regression analysis was employed to test hypothesis. The findings suggested that the trend of growth for inward foreign direct investment has been in the positive direction with the removal of controls that hinder free flow of goods and services. Like all other liberalised economies, Uganda is bound by core policies or standards of treatment accorded to 105 investors and investments as well as the functioning of markets within which they operate. The study also revealed that government through Uganda Investment Authority has put in place incentives to attract and encourage new business opportunities in the various sectors of the economy although majority are concentrated in the business district of Kampala. Unlike other nations that still practice protectionism to a certain degree for some of their sectors and industries, Uganda‟s policy allows for up to one hundred percent ownership and repatriation of almost all profits earned by the investor. Despite the above, there are challenges faced by investors in Uganda which include high costs of production, availability of land, macroeconomic instability, infrastructure, corruption and weak governance, competition and duplication, access to markets, taxation, high cost of operations and high cost of capital for investment. Therefore, the study recommends; first the need for government to set guidelines that will encourage re-investment of profits, increase employment of the local labour force, use of local raw materials, direct transfer of skills and knowledge, and increased exportation of locally manufactured goods. In addition, the study recommends decentralisation of Uganda Investment Authority‟s functions to the regions, transfer of technology, encouragement of joint venture partnerships, and widening of the tax base. The above notwithstanding, there is need for increased regulation and support to particular investments of national interest in sectors such as health and agro processing and manufacturing through investment guarantee arrangements. Other initiatives include encouragement of syndication arrangements especially for projects in similar sectors in order to increase access to finance and capital for onward expansion and development through the value-product chain analysis and outreach programme. Key Words: Impact, Liberalisation, Foreign, Investment
An Assessment of Low Functionality of Protected Water Points and Attainment of Millennium Development Goal 7: A Case Study of Kapelebyiong Sub-County in Amuria District
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Alupo Grace
ALUPO GRACE (2006-03-MA-DL- 005) An Assessment of Low Functionality of Protected Water Points and Attainment of Millennium Development Goal 7: A Case Study of Kapelebyiong Sub-County in Amuria District The study highlights key findings of low functionality of protected water sources and analysed existing community mechanisms established to foster attainment of the Millennium Development Goal target on water in Kapelebyong sub-county in Amuria district. The study assesses the number of functional and non-functional protected water sources in the sub-county as well as the cause, and the different mechanisms put in place to try to respond to the problem of their continuous break down. The factors responsible for low functionality of protected water sources included: inadequate contribution of O&M fees, weak and non-functional Water User Committees (WUCs); accountability and transparency problems, inadequate number of trained Hand Pump Mechanics (HPMs). The methodology used to generate the data, utilised a research design frame of a case study. The population studied included; community members who were mainly household heads who were 16 in number and were randomly selected for a focus group discussion of 8 members, a questionnaire targeted a pump mechanic, purposively selected. There were in–depths interviews with 2 local council leaders purposively selected plus one non-governmental organisation and 1 district water officer selected purposively to provide information to the documentary guide. Key recommendations of the study included mobilisation of communities in the maintenance of water sources; continuous HPMs and WUCs training, government should review the existing policy guidelines to ensure their relevancy to various communities (a one-fit-all policy does not work in water stressed areas such as Kapelebyong sub-county), and enactment and enforcement of ordinances and bye-laws regarding the water source. Keywords: Law functionality, Water points, Millennium Development Goal, Amuria District
An Analysis of Employee Performance Appraisal and Morale in Total Uganda Limited.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Kwesiga Alex
KWESIGA ALEX (2006-03-MBA-PT-023) An Analysis of Employee Performance Appraisal and Morale in Total Uganda Limited The study was conducted to analyse the performance appraisal and employee morale in Total Uganda Limited from 2004-2008. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between performance appraisal and employee morale in Total Uganda Limited. The study sought to identify the performance appraisal technique/s used, to establish the morale needs of employees, to determine the relationship between performance appraisal and employee morale and ascertain other factors affecting employee morale in Total Uganda Limited. The study took place at the head offices of Total Uganda Limited. A longitudinal study design was used, a questionnaire was set and sent to the respondents and face to face interviews were also done with some respondents. Stratified probability random sampling technique was used and then purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents from each stratum. Both primary and secondary data were collected, verified, edited, checked, coded and analysed both quantitatively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitatively using narrations, opinions and attitudes. Frequency distributions were then run, cross tabulation done and graphs and pie charts drawn. The findings have revealed that Total Uganda Limited uses two types of performance appraisals namely Management by Objectives (MBO) and Graphic rating scales. It was also revealed that there are various types of employee morale lacking in Total Uganda Limited. It was also found out that there is a negative relationship between performance appraisal and employee morale and that there are other factors affecting employee morale in Total Uganda It is recommended that management of Total Uganda should assess the kind of morale needs required of its staff and find ways of fulfilling them in order to make staff become more motivated. It is also important that management of Total Uganda always fulfils what is discussed with staff during performance appraisals. The conclusion of the study was that performance appraisal has created low morale in most employees, and that Total Uganda Limited does not meet most of the morale needs of her employees. There is a negative relationship between performance appraisal and employee morale and there are various other factors affecting employee morale in Total Uganda like leadership style and educational levels of employees. Key words: Employee, Appraisal, Performance, Morale
Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Twemerimana Jolly
TWEMERIMANA JOLLY (MADS 2006-MO33-10011) Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster. The study is about challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contribution towards education taking a case study Compassion International Masaka Cluster. There are many non-governmental organisations in Uganda offering different services to supplement what the government is doing and Compassion International is one of them. However, much as these non-governmental organisations have tried their best still they are not successfully achieving their intended objectives. Therefore, the study was carried out to find out the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contributions towards education. A case study taken was Compassion International in Masaka Cluster. We looked at the activities carried out by compassion international in Uganda and Masaka in particular and the challenges the organisation encounters in service delivery. The objectives of the study were to assess the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations; to assess the educational needs of the compassion International Beneficiaries; to assess the role played by Compassion International towards education service provision and remedies to these challenges The study employed a case study of Compassion International Masaka Cluster to assess challenges met as they contribute towards Education. Qualitative and Quantitative methods of data collection were used where the interview guides were employed and data were analysed. The findings of the study were that: there is insufficient funding; beneficiaries leave schools without completion; much work with little pay; ignorance of some beneficiaries; de-motivated staff; and remote controlled policies among others. On the beneficiaries side, there are also challenges that hinder them from benefiting fully from Compassion International simply because their parents/care givers do not have enough funds to top up on what the organisation has offered them and they end up not successfully completing their studies. In conclusion, Compassion International should always involve field workers and the beneficiaries in the policy making process because they are the ones on the ground and they are more informed about what is suitable for them. Key Words: Non-Governmental Organisations, Education, Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
Assessment of the staff recruitment process in the decentralised system of local government: a case study of Mukono District
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Kisekka Bwebukya Godfrey
KISEKKA BWEBUKYA GODFREY (2006-M092-10008) Assessment of the Staff Recruitment Process in the Decentralised System of Local Government: A Case Study of Mukono District The study was carried out in Mukono District Local Government (DLG) with the major objective of assessing the recruitment process in the district. The specific objectives of this study were to establish the actual and potential sources of recruitment for Mukono district, to identify the problems surrounding recruitment of staff within the decentralised system of local government in Mukono district, to establish the effects of the recruitment process on staff performance in the district and to establish the attitude of the district staff and political leaders towards the recruitment procedures and retention of staff. The study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Target groups included serving officers in different categories ranging from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), middle level and junior officers. The lower local governments selected included the town councils of Njeru, Lugazi, Mukono and Nkokonjeru, plus the sub-counties of Goma, Najjembe, Kawolo and Nama. Also, some respondents were purposively sampled from National Service Commissions and a few line ministries. Methods used to gather data included questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. The data were analysed and presented as tables, graphs and charts. It was found out that Mukono district by virtue of the Constitution and the Local Government Act, Cap 243, is mandated to recruit, discipline, develop and dismiss its staff, except the CAO and Deputy CAO. The district recruits from within and from outside through a procedure that is well stipulated by the Public Service Commission (PSC). However, the recruitment is done with a lot of irregularities like political influence, bribery, no submissions from the CAO and or/Town Clerk, which is contrary to the relevant laws, guidelines, rules and regulations. This has resulted into wrong decisions being implemented, thus causing loss of revenue to the district through performance gaps, heavy workload and poor service delivery. Eighty percent of respondents pointed to the need to recruit basing on multiparty system while 20% were against it, 57% preferring radio as a means of communication in case short-listing is out, 57% were of the view that political influence has limited proper management of human resource matters in the district. It is recommended that there should be regular training of the District Service Commission (DSC) members and the public as well as on the procedures of recruitment and putting in place an efficient feedback mechanism. High labour turnover should also be studied and prevented from escalating. There is also need to set up quality assurance mechanisms, amendment of the law such that the DSC members are not appointed by the district council but by the MoPS in consultation with the PSC and their remuneration be channelled direct to the DSC account instead of sending it through the CAO. More still, the DSC should have the mandate to demand for some vital submissions from the CAO/Town Clerks instead of just sitting back to wait for submissions. In addition, the DSC should improve communication with shortlisted candidates through telephone calls, emails and text messages and feedback to those who aren‟t successful after the selection process. The rules on co-option of technical members need to be laid down clearly and tightened to avoid bias, nepotism and bribery. In conclusion, it is recommended that the applicants should submit verified academic copies with their applications to reduce cases of forgery. The DSC should also submit their quarterly reports to the District Council and the PSC on time.
An Assessment of Factors Affecting Direct Tax Revenue in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Mubaale Peter Kafuko
MUBAALE PETER KAFUKO (2006-03-MSCDE-PT- 041) An Assessment of Factors Affecting Direct Tax Revenue in Uganda This study investigated the factors that affect direct tax revenue in Uganda. The factors included per capita income, the tax rate, tax administration and the size of the informal economy. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effects of these factors on direct domestic tax revenue and identify challenges to direct domestic tax revenue in Uganda. A correlation research design was adopted and primary data were collected through interviews. A total of 100 respondents including staff, managerial and senior tax officials from Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) and Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) participated in the study. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The data were analysed using the statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The research findings revealed that per capita income and tax administration facilitation were the major economic factors that positively affected direct tax revenue in Uganda. On the other hand, political interference and corruption were significant challenges to direct tax revenue in Uganda. The study concluded that economic factors affected direct tax revenue in Uganda. Finally, the study recommended autonomy of URA, introduction of an effective human resource management policy, institutionalization of e-services and automation, stepping up taxpayer outreach 152 and education to understand the civic responsibility of paying taxes and, reorganising tax administration by type of taxpayer to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Key words: Tax, Revenue, Uganda
Translating Uganda’s Child Labour Policy to fight Hazardous Child Labour in Laroo Division of Gulu District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Lagen Marjorie Judith; Lagen Marjorie Judith
LAGEN MARJORIE JUDITH (2006-03-MA-DL-021) Translating Uganda’s Child Labour Policy to fight Hazardous Child Labour in Laroo Division of Gulu District This research was conducted with the primary aim of finding out how the community of Laroo division has translated Uganda’s child labour policy into practice to fight hazardous work in which children are involved. The policy, which was adopted in 2006, emphasises community empowerment in fighting child labour. In order to find out how the community can be empowered to fight hazardous child labour in the division, this research focused on the following key research questions; Who according to the community can be defined as a child? What are the different types of child labour in the division? What are the causes of child labour in the division? What are the consequences of child labour on the children in Laroo division? What are the steps the community suggests in fighting child labour in the division? Qualitative methods of data collection were employed in data collection using semi-structured interview guides. However, a questionnaire was also used to provide more insight into the work status of children involved in child labour, from the perspective of the children and the division leadership. The findings from data analysed show that in Laroo division, there are a number of child labour activities that children are involved in and these include: child prostitution, brick making, selling water, stone quarrying, roadside petty trade, car washing, providing casual labour, and fetching firewood for sale. Both boys and girls are involved in child labour activities but differences emerge in some activities like child prostitution where girls are heavily involved and also brick making where girls fetch the water for sale, while boys engage in the brick making. The major reasons why children are involved in child labour, range from the need to meet food/basic needs, learning the trade, payment of school dues to parental negligence. The suggested recommendations to fight child labour in the division focus on empowering households to generate enough income to sustain themselves through access to micro credit opportunities, and provision of scholarship opportunities for vulnerable children. Key words: Labour, Child
An Evaluation of the Role of Loans in Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Survey of Selected Women Entrepreneurs in Nyendo–Senyange Division, Masaka Municipality.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Masaba Tom
MASABA TOM (2006-M033-10021) An Evaluation of the Role of Loans in Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Survey of Selected Women Entrepreneurs in Nyendo–Senyange Division, Masaka Municipality The objective of this study was to evaluate the role microfinance loans play in developing women’s entrepreneurial capacity. The reason for undertaking the study was to find out why, in spite of the existence of numerous microfinance institutions that dispense micro loans, women’s entrepreneurial capacities were still dismal. The study involved the principle of purposive sampling among women who had borrowed loans from microfinance institutions as well as loans officers in the respective institutions. The study was guided by research objectives, and the questionnaire method was applied in data collection. Tables, frequencies, percentages, bar graphs and pie charts were used in data analysis. The findings indicated that Women’s groups are a foundation on which to build capacity for their entrepreneurship and the challenge of having to recover defaulters‟ loans are an opportunity that ensures the women are vigilant and responsible borrowers. Microfinance institutions are commercial entities that are not concerned about women’s entrepreneurship and thus they have not instituted any measures to enhance entrepreneurial capacity among women. High interest rates and unsustainable conditionalities stand in the way of women’s entrepreneurial advancement. In recommendation, microfinance institutions should design novel products including asset financing, agricultural loans and training in business management skills as they encourage women’s groups to build their entrepreneurial capacity. Microfinance institutions should discourage financing retail trade and instead encourage their women clients to venture into novel businesses where competition is not so stiff. Microfinance institutions ought to ease lending conditions by scrapping spousal consent, signing land transfer forms and demand for handling costs. The Ministry of Gender needs to carry out regular surveys to monitor the implementation of policies in support of gender mainstreaming and advocate for the enactment of the Domestic Relations Bill. Key words: Loans, Women, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship
Constraints faced by Female Head Teachers in their Performance as Decision Makers: A Case Study of Selected Government Aided Primary Schools in Amuria District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Acom Kellen
ACOM KELEN (2006-M053-10001) Constraints faced by Female Head Teachers in their Performance as Decision Makers: A Case Study of Selected Government Aided Primary Schools in Amuria District. The 21st Century is witnessing women defying the socio-cultural set ups that discriminate against them and are taking up leadership, administrative and management positions as decision makers with back up by “Affirmative Action” taken by many governments. This study sought to examine the constraints Female Head teachers face in their performance as decision makers in selected government aided primary schools in Amuria district in Uganda. A survey method was used to collect data from a sample of 139 respondents from 10 female headed primary schools. Interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and observation techniques were used. The collected data were presented on frequency tables, interpreted and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that female head teachers face many constraints as they perform their decision making roles. It came out that the socio-cultural aspect is one of the constraints but not the major one to performance of female head teachers as revealed by the findings. The constraints include infrastructural/resource inadequacy, inadequate support supervision, socio-cultural influence, inadequate knowledge and skills and unrealistic policies and they have significant effect on school performance in Primary Leaving Examination (PLE). The study recommends that government appoints more women to head schools, build their capacity and give them more support, resources and facilities so as to boost their performance as decision makers. The study also recommends government to train head teachers in administration and management. The study recommends similar studies to be undertaken on male head teachers and in other parts of the country so as to get the general picture of experiences of all head teachers. Key Words: Constraints, Female Head Teachers, Performance, Decision Makers Government Aided Primary Schools, Amuria District.

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