Faculty of Education

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An Analysis of the Determinants and Challenges of Milk production in Rural Households in Ntungamo District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Muhumuza, Owen
MUHUMUZA OWEN (2008-M092-20073) An Analysis of the Determinants and Challenges of Milk production in Rural Households in Ntungamo District. The CIA World Fact book 2008 acknowledged the primacy of agriculture in Uganda‟s economy. It noted that agriculture accounts for 31percent of the Gross Domestic Product of Uganda and employs 80% of Ugandans. Apart from employing majority of Ugandans, the sector also feeds them. It is that centrality of the agricultural sector with its subsectors like dairy farming that makes the analysis of the determinants and challenges of milk production in rural households worthwhile. This is because milk production is an important subsector of agriculture in Uganda. The study adopted mainly a descriptive design. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to help him collect theoretical explanations while the quantitative design was used to capture numerical figures given by respondents. The study was carried out in the three parishes of Rutunguru, Kitondo and Butanda. Fifty respondents were selected and data were collected from them. As such, the study found out that milk production is determined by different factors like the type of breed, the milking frequency, the age of cattle and the size of the grazing area and the pastures therein. However, most farmers complained of inadequate veterinary services, low prices of milk, prolonged drought, general poverty among others as the major challenges they face in their activity of dairy farming. Given the diversity of the challenges that bedevil milk production, using the knowledge drawn from the comparative review of literature on the good practices in milk production from different countries, the study suggests a number of development initiatives to counter the challenges to milk production in rural areas specifically, Ntungamo district, Ihunga sub-county. Some of the initiatives include but are not limited to improvement of extension services like those of veterinary doctors; introduction of cheap milk freezers; aggressive marketing of milk and its products and the subsidisation of milk investors like Sameer agriculture and livestock Limited, JESA farm dairy industries and general improvement of milk handling techniques so that the milk can be competitive on the world market. Another key recommendation is for the government to train farmers in business skills so that they can look at dairy farming as a business so that it can be commercialised. The conclusion was that milk producers face a myriad of challenges and milk production itself is determined by different factors as summarised above. Generally, milk production is an activity that once properly planned for and carried out can promote the development of rural households. Key Words: Milk production, Rural Households, Ntungamo District.
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Self-help Organisations in Improving People’s Socio-Economic Welfare: A Case Study of Hukeseho, Buyinja Sub-County, Bugiri District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Osundwa, Muhammed
OSUNDWA MUHAMMED (2008-MO92-20096) An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Self-help Organisations in Improving People’s Socio-Economic Welfare: A Case Study of Hukeseho, Buyinja Sub-County, Bugiri District. This research work contains six chapters. Chapter one covers the introduction to the study, and gives the background against which the research problem was conceived, the statement of the problem, scope of the study, research objectives, justification and significance of the study. Chapter two comprises a review of literature related to the study. The review of literature helped the researcher to pursue the study with foundational knowledge. Under this chapter, the researcher presented and explained the theoretical framework that was employed in the study. In chapter three, the researcher explains the methods that were used in collection and putting the relevant data together. In this same chapter, the study sample, size and selection criteria and the instruments that were used are elaborated. Chapter four presents the research findings, and discusses them in relation to the current debates on the issues found out by the study in line with the specific objectives. Chapter five gives some recommendations in line with the findings of this study, while chapter six makes general conclusions to the study basing on the findings and gives general recommendations based on the findings and conclusions from the field. The study was conducted in Buyinja sub-county, Bugiri district, taking a case study of Hukeseho Lwangosia Women‟s Organisation. The general objective of the study was to analyse the extent to which self-help organisations are effective in improving people‟s socio-economic welfare in Bugiri district. The specific objectives were; to establish the role self-help organisations play in improving people‟s socio-economic welfare, to assess the performance of income and employment generating activities that beneficiaries conduct and to ascertain the sustainability mechanisms that self-help organisations use to ensure their continued operation. This research was conducted through a case study, and it was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of the respondents. The findings of this study show that self-help organisations are effective in the provision of health care, basic education services, creation of self-employment and income generation thus improving the welfare of their members. However, the study found out that the financial sustainability mechanisms available to Hukeseho organisation are inadequate to guarantee its continued operations in the absence of external funding. This finding confirmed what other authors alluded to in the literature review that the sustainability of self-help organisations is suspect without external financial assistance and this limits their effectiveness during funding breaks. Key Words: Self-help Organisations, People’s Socio-Economic Welfare, Bugiri District.
Assessing Community Participation in the Design and Implementation of Social Services under Local Government Development Programme II in Karujubu Sub-County, Masindi District- Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Oyo, Caroline
OYO CAROLINE (2008-03 PTR-MA-056) Assessing Community Participation in the Design and Implementation of Social Services under Local Government Development Programme II in Karujubu Sub-County, Masindi District- Uganda. A study was carried out on community participation in the design and implementation of social services under Local Government Development Programme (LGDP). It was conducted in Karujubu Masindi district, located in mid-western region of Uganda. The main purpose of the study was to assess the level of community participation in the design and implementation of social services under the LGDP. The study found that citizen participation was acknowledged in the governance and development discourse as a mechanism for building capacity of the rural poor in the quest for poverty reduction and good governance. The study involved 80 (eighty) respondents from non-governmental organisation workers, government representatives, religious leaders, civil servants, women, people with disabilities and youth. To attain the appropriate data, various tools were employed. These included structured questionnaires, interviews, and discussion guides. The study realised that while some participatory framework exists as a result of devolving some powers and functions to local government units, the structures and processes remain feeble and do not support a genuinely participatory system. This is mainly due to the excessive central government whims and the local elite capture. While the central and donor-conceived plans may still be necessary for the rural poor, such strategies should be integrated into the rural schemes to enable freedom of choice, action and decision in order to attain strong local ownership and empowerment. The study, therefore, recommends for the need to have political will from the central and local government leaders and the need to strengthen capacity for the local forces and social groups to infiltrate the hierarchies of officialdom associated with the local bureaucracies to realise exhaustive community participation in development programmes. Key Words: Community Participation, Design and Implementation, Social Services, Local Government Development Programme, Masindi District.
Assessing Community Response to Child Abuse and its Effect on Development.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Otti, Paul
OTTI PAUL (2007-03-MA-PTR-059) Assessing Community Response to Child Abuse and its Effect on Development. According to the African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN- 2003), child abuse is a deliberate action that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to a child. Ahimbisibwe (2010) writing in Saturday Monitor newspaper quotes a police report which mentioned that there were 185 victims of combined cases of child abduction, kidnap, disappearance, trafficking, and sacrifice alone during the period between January and September 2006. It is against this background that the researcher set out to weigh up community‟s response to this vice and its effects on development. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the forms of child abuse; to assess the causes and consequences of child abuse; and to evaluate its effects on development. The concentration of the study was in Kamwokya parish, a Kampala district suburb located in Kawempe division and housing most of the major child rights organizations in the country. These include, Save the Children - Uganda, ANPPCAN, Uganda Child Rights NGO Network (UCRNN), and Action for Children, Straight Talk and Mulago Hospital a national referral hospital. The literature gleaned to guide this study included the works of Goldman et al (2003), Sedlak (1996), Sumba (2003), the information gathered from the National Research Council NRC (2003). The research design employed in this study is a case study design and was preferred by the researcher because of its deep investigative nature of the phenomena. Questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions were the instruments used to collect data from the field. The study confirmed that child abuse exists in different forms such as physical, sexual, neglect and emotional abuse. It is caused by one or a combination of several factors including among them individual, family, parental and environmental factors. The study further revealed that the vice has adverse effects for both the victim and the society; the child‟s emotional, physical and social development is negatively affected while the society pays heavily both directly and indirectly to prevent it from occurring, controlling it or in reversing the effects. 82 The researcher recommends that government through its agencies and ministries tailor tougher laws against the culprits and or implement the already existing ones to heavily punish offenders. The NGO‟s working against child rights need to do more sensitisation using various avenues to reach all concerned parents, guardians, or caretakers. Both government and development partners need to work together with the community to improve the lives of the people living in these slums as one of the ways to reduce the vice of child abuse. Key Words: Community Response, Child Abuse, Development.
Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Twemerimana, Jolly
TWEMERIMANA JOLLY (MADS 2006-MO33-10011) Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster. The study is about challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contribution towards education taking a case study Compassion International Masaka Cluster. There are many non-governmental organisations in Uganda offering different services to supplement what the government is doing and Compassion International is one of them. However, much as these non-governmental organisations have tried their best still they are not successfully achieving their intended objectives. Therefore, the study was carried out to find out the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contributions towards education. A case study taken was Compassion International in Masaka Cluster. We looked at the activities carried out by compassion international in Uganda and Masaka in particular and the challenges the organisation encounters in service delivery. The objectives of the study were to assess the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations; to assess the educational needs of the compassion International Beneficiaries; to assess the role played by Compassion International towards education service provision and remedies to these challenges The study employed a case study of Compassion International Masaka Cluster to assess challenges met as they contribute towards Education. Qualitative and Quantitative methods of data collection were used where the interview guides were employed and data were analysed. The findings of the study were that: there is insufficient funding; beneficiaries leave schools without completion; much work with little pay; ignorance of some beneficiaries; de-motivated staff; and remote controlled policies among others. On the beneficiaries side, there are also challenges that hinder them from benefiting fully from Compassion International simply because their parents/care givers do not have enough funds to top up on what the organisation has offered them and they end up not successfully completing their studies. In conclusion, Compassion International should always involve field workers and the beneficiaries in the policy making process because they are the ones on the ground and they are more informed about what is suitable for them. Key Words: Non-Governmental Organisations, Education, Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
Assessing the Challenges of Beneficiary Participation in Community-Based Projects: A Case Study of Sustainable Agricultural Project by Caritas Lugazi Diocese.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Nakimuli, Florence Ssemukyu
NAKIMULI FLORENCE SSEBUKYU (2009-M091-10012) Assessing the Challenges of Beneficiary Participation in Community-Based Projects: A Case Study of Sustainable Agricultural Project by Caritas Lugazi Diocese. The study was carried out to assess the challenges of beneficiary participation in community-based projects. The researcher used a case study as a research design. Eighteen farmer groups, the project team at the diocese, District Agricultural Officers, farmer leaders at association and parish level from excelling model farmers in the project were selected by clustering and purposively sampling in order to represent each of the three parishes in Lugazi diocese that have been beneficiaries of the Sustainable Agriculture Project. The research focused on three major questions: What challenges are faced when beneficiaries participate in community-based projects? What is the effect of these challenges on community-based projects? What strategies can be laid to limit encountering these challenges? To round up the above, the researcher collected views from farmer groups in the three beneficiary parishes of the project under investigation, from the project leadership in Caritas Lugazi and other key stake holders; she used semi-structured interview guide, observation and focus group discussion interview guide preceded by stratified and purposive sampling to gather information. The research findings revealed that there is a relation between the management style of the project and challenges encountered from beneficiary participation under community-based projects. It also revealed that there is a relationship between power and participation of beneficiaries. The major effect of this is that the more the power and the more democratic the management style of the project, the more the effective participation of the beneficiaries while the less the challenges of beneficiary participation. The research recommended that for effective participation of the beneficiaries, there is a need to build the capacity of the community and to hand over the stick to the beneficiaries in that the project staff from the implementing agency remain mere catalysts. Key Words: Projects, Community, Sustainable, Agricultural
Assessing the Effectiveness of Local Councils in Enhancing the Delivery of Quality Primary Education Service: A Case Study of Nakasongola District Local Council.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakalema, Sylivia
NAKALEMA SYLVIA (2008-M092-20080) Assessing the Effectiveness of Local Councils in Enhancing the Delivery of Quality Primary Education Service: A Case Study of Nakasongola District Local Council This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the district local council in enhancing the delivery of quality primary education in Nakasongola district. Emphasis was put on the district council‟s participation in planning, accountability, monitoring and monitoring of primary education service in the sub-counties of Nakitoma, Wabinyonyi and Nakasongola Town Council. The study employed a case study design because it gave an in-depth description of the research. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used including key informant interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and documentary review. Quantitative data was tabulated, edited, coded and analysed using excel. Qualitative data was arranged in themes and sub-themes analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that while planning was evident in local councils, there was a limited degree of transparency and accountability, monitoring and supervision of primary education and this affected the quality of education service in the district. The poor performance of education service was also manifested in terms of poor construction work and limited participation of parents in provision of scholastic materials, despite the fact that the rationale for decentralisation was to bring services near to the people. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended that there is a need to improve on local funding sources, encourage community participation in service delivery, building civic competence and creating mechanisms through which public officials could be held accountable. This could lead to improved primary education services delivery. Key Words: Primary, Education, Quality, Service
Assessing The Effects of Poverty Levels on Maternal Health in Ntungamo District: A Case Study of Rushenyi County, Ntungamo District.
(2007) Ndibalema, Baitwababo
NDIBAREMA WA BAITWABABO (2007-MO93-10113) Assessing The Effects of Poverty Levels on Maternal Health in Ntungamo District: A Case Study of Rushenyi County, Ntungamo District. The study was carried out on assessing the effects of poverty levels on maternal health in Rushenyi county, Ntungamo district. This study dealt at length with addressing the study questions covering the four objectives of the study namely; analysing the effectiveness of health units on maternal health services, assessing the status of poverty on maternal health, examining the impact of poverty on maternal health, to establish possible measures to address poverty on maternal health. The recent movement towards maternal health care free to all women is a bold and timely action which is supported by evidence within Rushenyi County in particular and Uganda as a whole. The potential for this to translate into reduced mortality for mothers and infants fundamentally depends on the effectiveness of maternal care implementation and the actions taken to assure quality of maternal health services. There are clear lessons from the evaluation of health on maternal health services that can help to strengthen the provision of free services to maternal women in Rushenyi County in Ntungamo district. Women receive poor quality care in government health centres and hospitals, resulting into unavoidable deaths. However, health systems involve availability of basic equipment for providing comprehensive emergency obstetric care which was found inadequate. Qualitative investigations showed variable relationships between health workers and clients, ranging from positive to antagonistic. Therefore, the following issues have to be addressed: Government should emphasise redistribution of duty and also improvement of manpower in the hospital, organising seminars and workshops by the relevant authorities on how to improve male involvement in antenatal care, bringing services nearer to the people through establishment of more health centres, encouraging focused community participatory maternal health care programme through regular meetings with the health workers and women community leaders, traditional birth attendants, traditional leaders and grass root politicians. There should be development of partnerships in health; the ministry of health needs to ensure that all actors are equally informed on matters of health policy and the forum for dialogue should emerge among the health providers in Uganda so as to develop commitment in providing adequate maternal health services. Key Words: Poverty Levels, Maternal Health, Ntungamo District.
Assessing the Level of Food Insecurity in Formerly Displaced Person’s Households: A Case Study of Formerly Displaced Person’s Households in Orum Sub-County, Lira District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Oruk, Alex
ORUK ALEX (2008-M092-20094) Assessing the Level of Food Insecurity in Formerly Displaced Person’s Households: A Case Study of Formerly Displaced Person’s Households in Orum Sub-County, Lira District. The study assessed the level of food insecurity in formerly displaced persons households in Orum sub-county, Lira district. The specific objectives were to: analyse the causes of food insecurity in formerly displaced person‟s households; to find out the extent of food insecurity in formerly displaced person‟s households; to examine the coping mechanisms to food insecurity in formerly displaced person‟s households; and to generate viable and sustainable mechanisms of enhancing food security in formerly displaced person‟s households. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were applied, and collected data was analysed and presented in percentages and tables. The findings were that; food availability varied among the households due to different reasons; food insecurity prevailed partly due to lack of participation by household members in food production; the periods of food insecurity experienced were above three months; food insecurity coping mechanisms included labour exchange and battering of assets; population displacement was a major cause of food insecurity since household members fled their homes and lacked essential food production inputs and support. The conclusions were: causes of food insecurity in Orum sub-county were from both internal and external factors; food insecurity varied from household to household; the coping strategies to food insecurity also varied from household to household; and viable and sustainable ways of enhancing food security depended on each household. The recommendations included; need for collaborative work involving the government and all stakeholders; interventions including community-based farm level trainings and support in form of agricultural inputs and organised marketing through cooperatives. Furthermore, households needed to be provided with adequate information relevant crop diversification for food security. The administrative organs at the sub-county, the parish and village development committees and food monitoring committees should be strengthened. By-laws and guidelines for the production, storage of food harvest and sale of surplus should be enforced by district and sub-county local government. Key Words: Food Insecurity, Formerly Displaced Person’s Households, Lira District.
Assessment of Human Resource Management Practices in Relation to Academic Performance of Secondary Schools: A Case study of Kako Senior Secondary School in Mukungwe Sub-County in Masaka District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakintu, Dorothy
NAKINTU DOROTHY (2008-M092-30029) Assessment of Human Resource Management Practices in Relation to Academic Performance of Secondary Schools: A Case study of Kako Senior Secondary School in Mukungwe Sub-County in Masaka District. The research was carried out on Assessment of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in relation to Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Masaka district and a case study was done on Kako Senior Secondary School in Mukungwe sub-county. The major objectives of the study were three and these included: To ascertain the criteria used in selecting the human resource personnel in Kako Senior Secondary School; to establish the effects of human resource management practices on academic performance in Kako Secondary School and; to identify appropriate avenues of motivating human resource in Kako. The researcher employed a number of methods which include; interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussion to the students‟ leaders. From the findings it was indicated that the school management did not know how to handle and treat the human resource in the school and this implied that it is one of the factors that causes poor academic performance in the school, although there are other secondary causes like the students‟ discipline. In conclusion, therefore, HRM practices in Kako is a bigger problem than the society perceives, since it has far reaching effects, the most important being the deteriorating academic performance of students. This means that when management ignores its human resource as a major element in school, its behaviour and performance changes negatively, that is, they can be emotional and lack concentration which eventually translates into poor academic performance of the students in the school. It is from this that the researcher strongly recommends the Ministry of Education and Sports to employ administrators with at least some knowledge of handling HR; initiate workshops and seminars to sensitise all stake holders in schools and this can help improve on the ways in which HR is handled. From the findings it was also indicated that there are other causes of poor academic performance other than the HRM practices. Therefore, there is need to strengthen the disciplinary committee in the school and the school management should also ensure a good learning and working environment to both the teachers and the students. Key Words: Human Resource Management, Academic Performance, Secondary Schools, Masaka District.
An Assessment of Male Partner Involvement in Antenatal Care: A Case Study of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Tusiime, Agnes Kateeba
TUSIIME AGNES KATEEBA (2008-M092-30039) An Assessment of Male Partner Involvement in Antenatal Care: A Case Study of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. The research was on male involvement in antenatal care taking a case study of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Mbarara district. The broad objective was to assess male involvement in antenatal care in MRRH. The specific objectives were to find out the need for male involvement in antenatal care, to establish the barriers to male involvement, and identifying the strategies of male involvement in antenatal care. Data were collected from 40 (forty) respondents using the questionnaire, interview guide and observation methods. Secondary data were also collected from the internet, magazines, journals books and other related documents. It was found out that several services are offered at antenatal clinics such as health education, family planning, HIV counselling and testing, pregnancy checkups and all these deem it necessary for the male partners to get involved in antenatal care. It was found out that when partners attend antenatal care together it strengthens their relationship, they know their health status together and get information on other health issues for example, hygiene and nutrition. The barriers that hinder male involvement in antenatal care were; poor attitude of the males, regarded it as a woman‟s affair, lack of transport and the men fearing to be told they are HIV positive. The study was able to identify the strategies to solving the barriers to male involvement such as availing services to the nearby centres, offer timely services and above all, sensitise the masses about the importance of male involvement in antenatal care. The researcher recommends that the government should take services nearer to the people and sensitise the masses about the importance of male involvement in antenatal care. In conclusion, the researcher was able to meet all the planned objectives. Suggestions for further studies were made especially in the rural health facilities so that their views could also be heard. Key Words: Male Partner Involvement, Antenatal Care, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organisation Funded Small Scale Businesses in Improving Rural women’s Standards of Living: A Case Study of Tulina Omubeezi Project.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Sekitoleko, Achilles
SEKITOLEKO ACHILLES (2008-M092-30036) An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organisation Funded Small Scale Businesses in Improving Rural women’s Standards of Living: A Case Study of Tulina Omubeezi Project. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) funded small scale businesses in improving rural women‟s standards of living. NGOs have been operating in Uganda for some time now giving out all sorts of assistance but mainly to improve rural women‟s standards of living. However, the results are shocking because it is hard in some instances to trace the impact made by some organisations. The study is undertaken with all the carefulness of the mind and it is expected to derive insights into this issue of NGO funded small scale businesses in improving rural women‟s standards of living. The researcher chose a case study research design. It focused on Tulina Omubeezi Child Development Centre as a funded project of Compassion International. The study population is that of the organisation‟s beneficiaries who received the funds. These constituted 50 percent of the project beneficiaries. A non-random sampling technique was used because both the beneficiaries and the key informants were purposively selected. A sample size of 65 respondents was selected from a sample frame of 120. The methods of data collection used were a structured questionnaire, in-depth interview, observation and documentary analysis. Data were analysed qualitatively which enabled the researcher to draw practical recommendations and logical conclusions. A number of limitations were met by the researcher which hindered the rate at which this research would have taken. Among these included; reluctance of the respondents to answer the questions paused to them, interrupted concentration of the respondents especially when attending to customers, suspicion among the social workers about this research. Time and financial constraints caused by constant visits to the study area and unfulfilled appointments from the respondents. The findings of this study centred mainly on the assessment of the effectiveness of NGO funded small scale businesses in improving rural women‟s standards of living. Issues to do with compelling factors to start businesses, training, monitoring, motivation, attitudes and the others were so central in this research and they formed the line of the researcher‟s assessment. Therefore, the researcher recommends that NGOs, CBOs, and Government Departments/economic programmes take time and read this piece of work so that it may inform their decisions in policy making processes and in the planning and implementation of various projects/activities. Key Words: Non-Governmental Organisation, Funded Small Scale Businesses, Rural women’s Standards, Living, Tulina Omubeezi Project.
Assessment of the Implementation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Mandate of Protecting and Promoting the Rights of Refugee Children: A Case Study of Nakivale Refugee Settlement.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Muhumuza, Abel
MUHUMUZA ABEL (2008-M092-20072) Assessment of the Implementation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Mandate of Protecting and Promoting the Rights of Refugee Children: A Case Study of Nakivale Refugee Settlement The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been given a mandate to provide international protection to refugees and seek permanent solutions to their problems through its statute, adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 1950. Action to protect refugees encompasses all activities that aimed at ensuring the equal access to and enjoyment of the rights in accordance with the spirit of relevant bodies of law. UNHCR protection interventions often include action with an assistance component, including providing non-food items, building infrastructure, schools and providing services such as education, health care and security from violence and exploitation. Despite the UNHCR mandate of protecting refugees, a study conducted by raising voices revealed that girls and boys between 8 and 17 years of age reported experiencing physical, emotional and economical violence as regular features in their lives. Girls described experiencing the constant threat, and common occurrence of sexual violence against them. The study, therefore, assessed the implementation of UNHCR mandate of promoting and protecting the rights of refugee children by answering the following questions: What are the UNHCR interventions that are meant to promote and protect the rights of refugee children in Nakivale refugee settlement? What are the challenges faced by UNHCR in promoting and protecting the rights of children? What strategies are being used in addressing the challenges faced by UNHCR in promoting and protecting refugee children? Through self-administered questionnaires filled by 4 UNHCR staff, focus group discussions with 100 refugee children and interviews with 40 refugee adults living in Nakivale refugee settlement, the respondents gave their experience and views which produced reliable findings with clear indication that various interventions such as education services, health care, international legal standards, child and adolescent development, voluntary repatriation, resettlement, working with children, situational analysis and community mobilisation have been used to protect and promote refugee children’s rights. These interventions have resulted into improved protection and programming, including advocacy, improved partnership and team-working, great engagement with people of concern, improved communication and outreach, awareness of protection risks, domestic violence and sexual exploitation and value for learning by doing. However, it must be concluded that, amidst the interventions made, UNHCR still faces many challenges in its efforts to protect and promote refugee children’s rights among which the major challenges were noted as relief for the victims of gross violations of human rights, poverty and people on the move. This, therefore, limits children’s enjoyment of their rights as refugees since the UNHCR‟s efforts are hampered by the challenges identified. It was recommended that UNHCR should economically empower refugee families to enable them afford to meet the basic necessities of children, bridge communication gap between UNHCR staff and beneficiaries and improve the monitoring system to check whether the services are reaching the expected beneficiaries and track the quality of the provided services. Significantly, UNHCR should negotiate with government to recognise academic credentials from the country of origin of refugee children. Key words: Refugees, Rights, Children
An Assessment of the Sustainability in the Provision of Water and Sanitation Projects in Wakiso District: A Comparative Study of Nsangi and Kakiri Sub-Counties in Wakiso District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakijoba, Lillian
NAKIJOBA LILIAN (2008-MO92-20081) An Assessment of the Sustainability in the Provision of Water and Sanitation Projects in Wakiso District: A Comparative Study of Nsangi and Kakiri Sub-Counties in Wakiso District. Water and sanitation are such inseparable requisites in life that any attempt to compromise the realisation of such basic needs puts human life to jeopardy. For this matter, many individuals and cooperate actors such as Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and government erect water and sanitation projects to ensure that human kind is not deprived of water and sanitation services. However, in spite of the good will of the actors in erecting water and sanitation projects, it is regrettable that the sustainability of these projects leaves a lot to be desired. This study, thus, embarked to ascertain why sustainability of water and sanitation projects, is a major problem taking a comparative study of Kakiri and Nsangi sub-counties in Wakiso district and guided by the theoretical framework of Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs. The study was informed by both secondary information of similar studies and primary information acquired through field interviews. A comparative research design was used to compare rural and urban settlements in regard with sustainability of water and sanitation projects. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Interviews, observation, were among the data collection techniques used in the study. Secondary information asserted that water and sanitation are not only basic needs but also basic rights, which ought not to be compromised. However, the ideal of realising the basic needs and rights has not been realised for all human beings. As such, the study reveals the role of government and other development partners in realising the right to water and sanitation for all humankind and community effort in sustaining what is provided for them by the government and NGOs. After a critical survey of 12 water sources and interview sessions with 68 respondents, it was realised that sustainability of water and sanitation projects is still a big challenge in communities as most projects collapse barely before they have served 10 years vis-à-vis the ideal of 20 years and beyond. This was attributed to project implementation approaches, mainly paternalism and contracting out, which deprive the actual beneficiaries to participate in the process of erecting projects, thereby reducing the morale of beneficiaries to own results. This study, therefore, recommends a sustainability framework for water and sanitation projects which essentially embraces full participation of the actual beneficiaries in all stages of project development and implementation. This enables them to understand and own the projects erected to their service. As a result they will be socially and morally obliged to safeguard the projects to serve them in the present and future times. Key words: Sanitation, Water, Sustainability
The Attitude of the Business Community towards Interest Rates on Borrowing Loans in Ugandan Commercial Banks: A Comparative Study of Stanbic and Centenary Branches in Bushenyi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Rwalinda, Emmanuel
RWALINDA EMMANUEL (2006-M043-10001) The Attitude of the Business Community towards Interest Rates on Borrowing Loans in Ugandan Commercial Banks: A Comparative Study of Stanbic and Centenary Branches in Bushenyi District The main objective of this study was to establish the attitude of the business community towards interest rates charged by Stanbic and Centenary commercial bank branches on borrowing loans in Bushenyi district. It was motivated by the generally high interest rates on borrowing loans and competition for clients. Specifically, the study sought to assess the impact of high interest rates on borrowing loans, the attitudes of the business community towards interest rate charged on borrowing loans and the performance of businesses that borrow from commercial banks. During the study, a total of 74 respondents were consulted. A cross sectional research design was used and primary data were collected through interviews. Data collected were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. The findings revealed that although interest rates charged by commercial bank branches in Bushenyi were high for borrowing loans, they were competitive between banks in the area. The high interest rates did not enable entrepreneurs to earn high profits, were a disincentive to borrowing, didn‟t encourage quick loan repayment, had contributed to collapse of many businesses and were generally unfavourable for business expansion. Besides, borrowing loans had an insignificant impact on the performance of businesses that borrowed funds from both commercial banks. In conclusion, high interest rates charged on loans led to a negative attitude of the business community towards demand for loans in both Stanbic and Centenary commercial bank branches in Bushenyi district. Lastly, the study recommends that commercial banks should consider revising interest rates they charge on borrowing loans, hold more sensitisation seminars and workshops intended to educate the business community about bank operations and proper planning for loans by the intending borrowers as well as reducing on the value of collateral security required from loan borrowers among others. Key Words: Business Community, Interest Rates, Loans, Commercial Banks Stanbic and Centenary Branches, Bushenyi District.
The Availability and Accessibility of Trauma Counselling Services in Higher Institutions of Learning in Uganda: A Case Study of Uganda Martyrs University Main Campus.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Kizza, Tonny
KIZZA TONNY (2008-03-MA-PTR-022) The Availability and Accessibility of Trauma Counselling Services in Higher Institutions of Learning in Uganda: A Case Study of Uganda Martyrs University Main Campus. The study was an assessment of the availability and accessibility of trauma counselling services in higher institutions of learning in Uganda. The general objective of the study was to assess the availability of trauma counselling services in higher institutions of learning. The problem of the study was a realisation that trauma is a lived reality among students, and it needed to be addressed considering that its symptoms and effects have a bearing on students‟ performance and behaviour. The research used the qualitative approach and research methodologies employed were simple random sampling and research instruments used were the in-depth interviewing the university counsellor, staff and self-administered questionnaires to University students of Nkozi Main Campus. Secondary data mainly the reviewed literature, revealed that trauma symptoms include: lack of sleep, low concentration, body being in alarm most of the time was a reality among Nkozi students. The data collected showed that trauma counselling was indeed needed in higher institutions of learning since students confessed of having traumatic problems. The data in addition showed that trauma symptoms include night mares, flashbacks, lack of concentration and over fantasising affect and influence student behaviours. These behaviours include missing classes, disrespect, addictions to alcohol and illegal drugs. The study came up with recommendations for all higher institutions of learning in as far as the accessibility and availability of trauma counselling is concerned, especially, the implementation process. The recommendations include; establishing counselling centres, employing trauma counsellors, educating students about trauma related issues and training peer counsellors among students. Key Words: Trauma Counselling Services, Higher Institutions of Learning, Uganda Martyrs University Main Campus.
The Causes and Consequences of Girl Child Drop Out in Acquiring Basic Education: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Nyakyera Sub-County, Ntungamo District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Tumwijukye, Joseph
TUMWIJUKYE JOSEPH (2007-MO93-10133) The Causes and Consequences of Girl Child Drop Out in Acquiring Basic Education: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Nyakyera Sub-County, Ntungamo District. Girl child education has been a major concern in the development discourse. This study was carried out to assess the causes and consequences of girl child drop out in acquiring basic education. The study was carried out in selected primary schools in Nyakyera sub-county in Ntugamo district. It was carried out with three major objectives namely; to establish factors that influence the retention of the girl child in School, to find out the packages put in place to ensure retention of girl children in school and to assess the challenges resulting from girl child drop out of school at an early age in Nyakyera sub-county. A case study research design was used. The study was largely qualitative in nature. Various categories of respondents including pupils both girls and boys, parents, head teachers, members of Parents and Teachers Associations (PTA), children who dropped out of school and Local Council officials were studied to get a range of views regarding girl child drop out in primary schools. The study was analysed qualitatively and presented in themes according to the study objectives. The study found out that the rate of girl child drop out in primary schools was higher than boys in all selected schools. Study findings indicate that girl child drop out in primary schools is still a menace most especially in rural areas. The causes of girl child dropout are multifaceted. Household poverty is the major cause of girl child drop in primary schools at the household level. At the community level, girl drop out is largely as a result of engagement in community work while at the school level, the school costs are the leading cause of girl child drop out. This shows that girls are still denied their right to education which is a fundamental right as described in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. Therefore, the study recommends that interventions to address the challenge have to tackle the problem from the three angles of the household, the school and the community. The school environment must be safe for both girls and boys and allow the student to attend school free of the fear of mental, physical, emotional or sexual abuse. It should address both the physical and psycho-social wellbeing of the child both girls and boys. There is need for community partnerships. Primary schools should develop strong ties to the community and use those links to ensure that all school aged children in the community are reached and enrolled in school. This partnership can as well help to protect girls from risks like defilement and child labour. Development agencies should integrate concerns about children‟s rights, protection of the girl child from gender specific discrimination, child labour and other forms of gender specific exploitation of children into the design and implementation of projects and programmes, and empower households to improve on their income to meet educational needs of their children both girls and boys. Key Words: Girl Child Drop Out, Basic Education, Primary Schools, Ntungamo District.
Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ndoleriire, Kyomuhendo Patrick
NDOLERIIRE KYOMUHENDO PATRICK (2006-M092-10006) Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda. This dissertation presents findings and recommendations on challenges the Batwa, a minority group in Kigezi sub-region of Uganda, face in formal education. With a focus on primary and secondary levels, the researcher set out to better understand the challenges the Batwa face. Formal education is looked at as both a human right and a development issue for the Batwa. The Batwa are believed to be indigenous to the forests in the Great Lakes Region but in Uganda they were evicted from the forests in favour of biodiversity conservation. Up to 40% live as squatters paying their land lords through labour. While some do manual work to earn a days‟ meal for the family, others live by begging. Only a handful can read or write. Many, especially the youth, have taken to drug abuse. The study was guided by the following research questions: What are the challenges faced by the Batwa in formal education? Does the formal education system suit the Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region? And can formal education facilitate well-being of the Batwa? Much as the formal education system in Uganda is criticised for irrelevancy to the context, without it the Batwa will remain excluded from development frameworks for generations which undermines their realisation of other human rights and poverty eradication initiatives. Based on field findings and analyses, recommendations to address the challenges, and make Batwa girls and boys participate in and benefit from formal education, will be made. The dissertation progressively introduces the situation of the Batwa in the region, gives a statement of the problem and objectives of the research. This is followed by research methodology and the conceptual framework. The concluding section contains analyses of data, conclusion and recommendations to address the challenges. The data were obtained from 72 self-administered questionnaires, 12 focus group discussions and 9 one-to-one interviews. The challenges are associated with a household such as lack of food, shelter, educational materials; personalities such the Batwa negative attitudes towards formal education; the discriminatory environment; and the inappropriate education system, as well as lack of role-models and support by parents. The reflective participatory methodology employed by the study, involved both the Batwa as rights holders, and duty bearers. Both are critical players if Batwa boys and girls in the Kigezi sub-region are to overcome their challenges in formal education. This approach was useful and led respondents to question what could be done to address the situation. Indeed CARE International in Uganda, where the researcher worked at the time, was developing a project proposal aimed at addressing some of the challenges. The author recommends integrated approaches to addressing the challenges, because all are inter-linked, and reinforce one another. The government of Uganda invests heavily in formal education, yet Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region hardly benefit. The researcher recommends affirmative action for the Batwa and resettlement by government as a long term strategy to address the plight of the Batwa. Of critical importance is the need to address the discriminatory tendencies among the majority ethnic groups as this stretches from home, community, to school and local decision making processes; as well as orienting Batwa attitude to embrace formal education. Until Batwa families in the sub-region appreciate and are able to support their children in formal education, and the children have sustained interest in formal education, other efforts will not yield much. The families should be able to meet their physiological needs of food, shelter, clothing, and specifically sanitary requirements for girls. Key Words: Formal Education, Kigezi Sub-Region.
Challenges of Local Government Service Delivery and Its Impact on the Education Sector: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Mpigi, Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Tusiime, Fred
TUSIIME FRED (2008-M092-20102) Challenges of Local Government Service Delivery and Its Impact on the Education Sector: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Mpigi, Uganda. The persistent unsatisfactory performance of the education sector of Mpigi local government in Primary Leaving Examinations (P.L.E), low completion rates and low intake rates implored the researcher to delve into the study that established the operational challenges of the local government. Conclusions and recommendations were made. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish management challenges that affect the delivery of local government education service ; to identify human resource challenges that impact on education service delivery in Mpigi and to establish the physical infrastructure challenges to local government education service delivery. Quantitative and qualitative data for the study were collected using triangulation of methodologies. Questionnaires, interviews, documentary review and observations were the methods of primary and secondary data collection. Questionnaires, interview guides, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides and observation check lists were the instruments used to collect data. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis by categorising and tallying responses to establish patterns, trends and relationships. The study revealed that challenges to quality education in Mpigi arise from: teachers being too few to ably teach the escalating number of pupils-(79% of the total respondents concur that teachers are too few); and they are not exposed to new challenges in syllabus management. School Management Committees (SMCs) do not supervise head teachers; on the contrary, they are seriously compromised by the latter. Teachers still walk very long distances due to insufficient staff quarters. The only area where wide strides have been made is that of physical infrastructure (classrooms and pit latrines), which have put the Pupil-Classroom Ratio (PCR) at a staggering 1:70. The study concluded that it is mainly management and human resource challenges that impede quality education. SMCs are compromised; teachers are very few, not up to date, and walk very long distances. It is, therefore, recommended that minimum qualifications and sitting allowance for SMC membership be put in place. More teachers should be recruited and kept updated through seminars and workshops. Lastly, more teachers‟ houses could be built and SNE should be given priority on the policy agenda of education. Key Words: Local Government, Service Delivery, Education Sector, Schools, Mpigi District
Challenges of Primary School Education Service Delivery under Decentralisation System of Governance in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Masuliita Sub-County, Wakiso District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Luutu, Paul Patrick
LUUTU PAUL PATRICK (2008-M092-20068) Challenges of Primary School Education Service Delivery under Decentralisation System of Governance in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Masuliita Sub-County, Wakiso District The study investigated the challenges of primary school education service delivery under decentralisation system of governance in rural areas taking a case study of Masuliita sub-county, Wakiso district. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish the relationship between teacher management and the quality of decentralised primary education in Masuliita sub-county; to examine the extent to which political influence affected the quality of decentralised primary education in Masuliita sub County; to establish the relationship between the performance of decentralised school management bodies‟ roles and the quality of decentralised primary education in Masuliita sub- county. The study found a significant relationship between teacher management and quality of decentralised primary education (r = 0.278** and p = 0.000) while political influence did not have a significant influence on quality of decentralised primary education (Adjusted R2 = 0.024 beta -0.195, t = -1.639, and significance = 0.106) but decentralised school management bodies‟ role performance had a significant relationship with quality of decentralised primary education (r = 0.566** and p = 0.000). The study concluded that teacher management systems was a significant challenge to education service delivery in rural schools shown in failure to have adequate staffing levels, teacher training and development, teacher motivation and performance management systems which lead to poor quality of education. Political influence did not have a statistically significant influence on the quality of decentralised primary education. Performance of decentralised school management bodies‟ roles had a significant challenge on primary school service delivery shown by the failure to enact enabling bi-laws, mobilise resources, develop strategic and operational plans, monitor performance and take corrective action. The study recommended that the district and lower local authorities together with the relevant stakeholders should ensure that there is adequate staffing, teacher training and development, teacher motivation and performance appraisals in all primary schools in rural areas if quality education is to be achieved. It was also recommended that the local politicians should actively get involved in the delivery of decentralised education services. The study also recommended that decentralised school management bodies of the school management committees, local councils and district authorities should take up and perform their roles diligently for improved quality of education. The study suggested identification of strategies for effective decentralisation of education services delivery. Key words: Education, Primary, Decentralisation, Decentralization, Rural

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