Department of Development Studies

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12280/195

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 85

Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Osodo, Philip
OSODO PHILIP (2008-M083-10019) Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions. The study set out to investigate the local perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation in and between the cross-border resettlement communities of Iteso, Thur and Karimojong at Kapelebyong, Lokopo and Nyakwae sub-counties in Amuria, Napak and Abim districts in the Teso and Karamoja sub regions in North Eastern Uganda. It used a case study as its research design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to establish the perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation between and among pastoral communities in north eastern Uganda, especially the Karimojong and Iteso; to assess the attribution of different initiatives undertaken by different stakeholders to address the conflict between and among the Karimojong and Iteso of north eastern Uganda and; to suggest recommendations and best practices that could guide the future processes of addressing conflicts between and among pastoral communities especially those in north-eastern Uganda. The study found out that, telling the truth about wrong things committed, reconciling the conflicting parties, regular interactions through holding of dialogue meetings to discuss issues of common effect to the concerned communities, demystifying attitudes, beliefs, animosities, prejudices that create hatred and divide people in and between communities, offering and sharing of available material, moral, skill and spiritual assistance to and between people in need is crucial for sustainable peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation. The study concluded that, through combined efforts of government of Uganda and Non-Governmental Organisations, well-wishers, international community and the local communities, there is now relative peace; reintegration of the conflicting parties, restitution, restoration, rehabilitation, among people and the communities. However, there is need to sustain peace building capacities and structures that can prevent the conflict re-occurrences in the future. The study recommends that, the government of Uganda should mobilise resources locally and globally to facilitate the post-conflict re-construction programmes for Teso and Karamoja sub-regions. The government of Uganda should also demystify the growing cross-border land/line tensions between Teso and Karamoja. Key Words: Local Perceptions, Commitments, Peace Building, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Transformation, Karamoja Sub Regions.
An Assessment of Factor Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Akenya, Ochwo Jennipher
AKENYA OCHWO JENNIFER (2008-MO83-10003) An Assessment of Factors Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county. This study was carried out on family planning services utilisation among the populace of Paya Sub-county in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. The research sought to analyse the nature of family planning services used the sub–county; the extent to which women utilise family planning services; the factors that affect utilisation of family planning services and suggestions for ways through which access and effective utilisation of the services can be improved. The research adopted the case study exploration design and utilised focus group discussion, interview, observation and documentary analysis data collection methods to gather data. The study established that the traditional methods of family planning were the most used within Paya sub-county followed by natural means. A number of women were not using any family planning methods while others simply abstained. Among the modern family planning methods used in the sub-county, condom use took the biggest share followed by pills, injectable, Norplant and Tube ligation respectively. The major factors affecting utilisation of family planning were mainly the need for more children and the general lack of information, fear for side effects, religious beliefs, myths and rumours. It was, however, suggested that provision of free family planning services, involving men in family planning activities and sensitisation of the communities could improve utilisation of the services in Paya sub-county. From the study, factors affecting the utilisation of family planning services are a combination of historical, social, economic, and religious factors. A number of approaches are needed to enable access and effective utilisation of family planning services. Further studies are suggested in the areas of the quality of family planning services rendered, the best practices in providing family planning services to rural people, and the extent to which health services are accessible to people in rural areas. Key Words: Family Planning Services, Women, Tororo District.
Determinant Factors for HIV Infection and Vulnerability among Married Returnee Internally Displaced Persons: A Case Study of Amida Sub-County in Kitgum District, Uganda
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Adong, Beatrice Ocaya
ADONG BEATRICE OCAYA (2008-MOO83-10002) Determinant Factors for HIV Infection and Vulnerability among Married Returnee Internally Displaced Persons: A Case Study of Amida Sub-County in Kitgum District, Uganda The study focused on exploring the determinant factors for HIV infection and vulnerability among married returnee Internally Displaced People (IDP) in Amida sub-county in Kitgum district in Northern Uganda. The study applied a descriptive and exploratory approach into the phenomenon. The sample size was eighty (80) respondents (47 males and 33 females) from 7 villages in Amida sub-county. The study established several factors that make married couples among IDP returnees at risk and vulnerable to HIV infections in Amida sub-county. These factors include risky sexual behavioural practices among couples, attitudes, community beliefs, multiple sexual partners, poverty, divorce, prostitution, search for sexual satisfaction, ignorance, submissiveness of women, alcoholism, domestic violence, religious differences in the family, peer pressure, love for material things, unemployment, lack of self-control and discipline among HIV positively living persons. The effect of the risks and vulnerability to HIV is a human rights issue. Article 16 (1) of the African Charter on Human and People‟s Rights (ACHPR) states that human health is an inherent human right, and „every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health”. The right to health contains freedoms and entitlements. The freedoms include the right to control one‟s health and body, including sexual and reproductive freedom and the right to be free from interference (Ssenyonjo, 2003). According to the study, the factors for married IDP returnees being at risk and vulnerable to HIV are because human rights were not fully protected. Fourteen percent (14%) said that the infections were due to poverty and the LRA war, as a failure to protect civil and political rights. Eight percent (8%) of the respondent said the main reason for HIV infections was drunkenness and misunderstanding among married couples (men & women); 10% said that the infections were due to unfaithfulness, unprotected sex, domestic violence among married couples; 9% said the infections were due to wife inheritance; 22% said it was due to unprotected sex and mother-to-child transmissions (breast feeding); 17% said it was due to all the reasons given above. The national IDP Policy (2004) focuses on protection of the rights of IDPs to have better livelihoods after resettlement. In addition, the Uganda Human Rights Commission report1 (2008) to parliament highlighted HIV/AIDS as a human right issue and advocated for a human rights based approach in fighting the pandemic, more so with attention on mitigating the factors that cause increasing risky behaviours and vulnerability especially among the most at risk population, IDPs being inclusive. The study revealed that 46.25% of the respondents said the main mode was unprotected sex & mother-to-child transmission and 3.75% said they thought the main mode was unprotected sex. The UHRC recommendations include legislation of HIV/AIDS factors aggregating the transmission of HIV/AIDS, ART, freedom of expression, violation of right to education, inhuman and degrading treatment, privacy, discrimination. In comparison, the recommendations would help reduce on risk and vulnerability. In conclusion, human rights protection cuts across many spheres of life, protecting humans from the effects of HIV/AIDS are one of them (Mwagiru, 1997). The study specifically identified at least four or more activities done to fight HIV infections and spread of HIV/AIDS such as condom use, PMTCT, ART, ABC approach among others and attributed some achievements made to key factors such as donor supported projects in the region such as Northern Uganda Malaria AIDS and Tuberculosis (NUMAT) and the government of Uganda, in addition to requests for spearheading more initiatives and efforts to mitigate the risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infections among IDP returnees. Key Words: HIV Infection, Vulnerability, Married Displaced Persons, Kitgum District.
The Effect of Land Management Policy on Customary Land Practices in Amuru District: A Case Study of Amuru Sub-County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) ocen, Fred Briyan
OCEN FRED BRIYAN (2009-M023-20011) The Effect of Land Management Policy on Customary Land Practices in Amuru District: A Case Study of Amuru Sub-County. In a country like Uganda whose backbone is agriculture, it requires a well-defined land management policies which promote private land rights and land tenure security to stimulate development and hence the wellbeing of landholders and the entire communities. The main aim of this study is to examine the effects of land management policy on customary land practices in Amuru district, with a case study of Amuru sub-county. The study sought to assess the effect of land management policies on customary land practices, with a specific focus on the nature of land management policies in Amuru, the nature of customary land practices in Amuru and the relationship between land management policies and customary land practices. Random sampling methods were used to collect data. A sample of eighty six (86) community members, government officials, and local council representative from the district land board, political leader, religious leader, and legal department were interviewed. The results from the data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Both qualitative and quantitative data was analysed. The study further established the effect of land management policies on customary land practices in Amuru sub-county as; good customary land practices as a result of land institution, how cases of land disputes were handled, the nature of ownership‟s which is communal in nature rather than clan, family or individual, collaboration among statutory land agencies and the communities which is poor; relationship between land management and land policy as a key factor, right to hire land and allocation of land, community views about investment plan by the government in Amuru sub-county was also a key factor. The research was a success with conclusive findings and it offered a greater scope for further investigation on the challenges identified during the study and it recommended that there should be enhancement of land registration procedure, the land rights in the region should be secured to promote investment, need to ensure better collaboration with statutory agencies where the community of the Amuru sub county, to effectively collaborate with the State land agencies. Organisation for more educational campaigns on issues relating to land tenure is most needed especially to be conducted by professional experts. Lastly, land registration should be promoted to enhance land security. Key Words: Land Management Policy, Customary Land Practices, Amuru District.
The Effects of State Land Policies, Reforms and Practices on Pastoralist Customary Land Tenure in Kotido District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Odokorach, Shanty Francis
ODOKORACH SHANTY FRANCIS (2009-M033-20029) The Effects of State Land Policies, Reforms and Practices on Pastoralist Customary Land Tenure in Kotido District. The study was conducted in Kotido district from 2013 to 2014 to establish the effects of state land policies, reforms and practices introduced in Uganda particularly by the 1995 constitution and Land Act of 1995 on customary land tenure system of the pastoralists focusing on Kotido district. The study was mainly qualitative and involved 155 respondents. Much data was collected through 10 focus group discussions and 5 key informant interviews. The study established that customary land tenure is predominant in Kotido. But while it is predominant, it is undermined by the state land reforms. It challenges the government of Uganda for creating a state of dilemma for people in Kotido – in one part the government recognises the customary system and on the other hand undermines it by creating other structures which overwrites the customary structures such as the ‘akiriket’ or parliament of elders. This study challenges that the land reform was influenced by colonial position that aimed at abolishing customary tenure. This context is worsened by governments‟ negative position on pastoralism. It further warns of a costly mistake which the government shall have to address as a result of undermining customary tenure together with its associated pastoralism in Kotido. The study attempted to avoid the common mistakes of other studies in pastoral areas that were not based on deepening of the understanding of complexity in the pastoral system by ensuring the intricate relationship between customary tenure and pastoralism is consistently established throughout the study. It introduced a simple framework of approach based on four principles referred to as the 4D approach. Key Words: State Land Policies, Reforms, Pastoralist, Customary Land Tenure, Kotido District.
Examining the Persistence of Household Gender-Based Violence in Mityana District: A Case Study of Mityana Town Council.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Kiwanuka, Joseph
KIWANUKA JOSEPH (2009-MO23-20009) Examining the Persistence of Household Gender-Based Violence in Mityana District: A Case Study of Mityana Town Council. The study examines the persistence of gender-based violence in households in Mityana town council. It was prompted by the cases of household violence that are unearthed by the mass media and records at Mityana police station, family protection Unit, which indicated that in 2012, a total of 201 cases of domestic violence were reported. This number was too high bearing in mind that many cases related to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) are not reported. Aware of the global and national interventions, persistence of GBV in Mityana town council created a great concern prompting for a study. The study intended to establish the persistence of GBV, nature of household gender-based violence, reasons for household gender-based violence, and measures taken to solve GBV in households in Mityana town council. A case study research design was used; the sample involved 51 respondents composed of victims of GBV, religious leaders, police officers, health officers, local council officials and community development officer from Mityana town council. All data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and group discussions and data was analysed using frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that there is misconception of social-economic dynamics in relation to the traditional gender requirements, weakness in domestic laws and their enforcement. The study revealed that violence in households is mainly due to mistrust, unfaithfulness and traditional attitudes in relation to men and women. Use of addictives, and handling of family issues all combine to breed into violence in homes in Mityana town council. The study recommended: empowering the communities for networking and interventions in fighting gender-based violence in households, to revisit domestic laws in line to their adequacy, awareness and enforcement and provide counselling to couples for reconciliation as strategies to fight persistence of gender-based violence in households in Mityana. Key Words: Household Gender-Based Violence, Mityana District.
Migration and Development: Examining the Development Impact of Out-Migration on Bokora Communities in Karamoja.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Nangiro, Patricia
NANGIRO PATRICIA (2009-M083-10007) Migration and Development: Examining the Development Impact of Out-Migration on Bokora Communities in Karamoja. The purpose of this research was to analyse the development impact of out-migration on Bokora communities in Karamoja. From 2005 at the height of forceful disarmament, thousands of Karimojong from Bokora ethnic clan, especially women and children out-migrated to Kampala and other bigger towns in Eastern Uganda and have continued to do so in an attempt to escape misery, uncertain survival and violence at home. The study attempted to answer how continuous out-migration of the Bokora people impacts on development in the same area. Hence the study adopted a descriptive research design, using both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The findings reveal that, out-migration in this community presents a development challenge, where a combination of social, economic and political development gaps such as acute poverty, insecurity and loss of cattle, poor infrastructure and social service delivery, limited marketing opportunities, natural resource degradation, and social-cultural marginalisation are clearly at the centre of decisions by individuals and/or households to out-migrate as they find themselves vulnerable and unsure of survival within their own land. Whereas out-migration has had some positive impacts on community development in instances where out-migrants have acquired new business skills and ideas, improved household incomes as a result of remittances, nevertheless it remains a challenge for development affecting human and social capital, economic growth, poverty reduction efforts, and societal fragility. Because of this, national and local governments recognise it as a problem and have occasionally tried to resettle migrants back to their land. However, it is unsuccessful as the casual factors remain unaddressed resulting in a sort of cyclic out-migration process. The implication is that, out-migration is only a coping strategy employed by individuals and households in distress. Survival is a focal issue as they make decisions to migrate. Unfortunately, women, girls and children are the most migrants, some of whom are victims of child and human trafficking. While majority are illiterate rural people with limited or no skills to engage in meaningful jobs that would otherwise help reduce their levels of vulnerability to human rights violations and exploitation in receiving areas, there is little or nothing being done in those communities to ensure their human rights and dignity is protected. This, therefore, calls for policy makers and practitioners to ensure, policies and projects aim to impact on out migration, migrants and development of their communities of origin. Interventions should focus on addressing the root causes rather than dealing with the symptoms. Key Words: Migration, Development, Communities, Karamoja.
Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication and its Effect on the Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services in Mulago National Referral Hospital.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Nauma, Rose
NAUMA ROSE (2009-M033-20024) Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication and its Effect on the Utilisation of Antenatal Care Services in Mulago National Referral Hospital. The way healthcare providers communicate has been linked to proximate outcomes such as patient satisfaction and recall and to final outcomes, such as client compliance with treatment regimes and improved health results. The study examined healthcare provider-patient communication and its effectiveness on utilisation of Antenatal Care (ANC) services at Mulago national referral hospital. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the utilisation of antenatal care services at the antenatal care clinic of Mulago hospital, assess the communication between healthcare providers and the patients on utilisation of antenatal care services, examine the effect of healthcare provider-patient communication skills on patients‟ utilisation of antenatal care services at the antenatal care clinic of Mulago hospital and assess the quality of healthcare provider-patient communication on patients‟ utilisation of antenatal care services. This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies with a sample size of 100 pregnant mothers attending ANC and 20 healthcare providers at the ANC clinic drawn from 2 study sites namely Upper Mulago (ward 14) and Lower Mulago (5th floor). The tools that were used for data collection included structured observation checklist for provider behaviour, self-assessment checklist for health provider interaction and an in-depth interview guide consisting of both open-ended and close-ended questions. Quantitative data analysis involved frequencies, percentages and correlations while qualitative data analysis involved a thematic approach. The results of the study established that there were instances in which patients‟ utilisation of antenatal care services was satisfactory and instances in which it was unsatisfactory. Additionally, communication between healthcare providers and patients on utilisation of antenatal care services at Mulago hospital was very good. The conclusion of the study was that, there was a positive correlation between healthcare provider-patient communication and utilisation of antenatal services whereby better and more health care provider-patient communication was related to better and more utilisation of antenatal services and vice versa. Key Words: Healthcare Provider, Patient Communication, Utilisation, Antenatal Care Services, Mulago National Referral Hospital.
An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Anywar, Martin
ANYWAR MARTIN (2009-M023-20002) An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers. This study aimed at assessing how agricultural liberalisation has affected cotton production among rural farmers in Kitgum district. The study set out to answer the following research questions: (i) How has agricultural liberalisation affected cotton production among rural cotton farmers in Kitgum?; (ii) What are the underlying causes of the poor farm level cotton production in the era of agricultural liberalisation?, (iii) Can agricultural cooperative unions leverage cotton production among rural cotton farmers? This was a survey that employed descriptive research design to obtain information concerning the current status of cotton production among the rural smallholder cotton farmers. Pre-testing of the data collection instruments was done. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at the sample size and snowball sampling for element sampling. Primary data from 368 respondents was collected through a standard interview guide of open-ended and closed-ended questions. This study employed descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the primary data obtained. The results showed that cotton production in Kitgum has been relegated to smallholder farmers operating individually with most of them belonging to poor and low income households. On average, a rural cotton farmer cultivates cotton on only 1.7 acres, representing only 30 percent of the total land accessible to him/her annually. 97.8 percent of the farmers indicated that agriculture is their first principle source of income; with 33.4 percent depending solely on it for a livelihood. Only 18.2 percent use the ox-ploughs with the use of human labour and the hand-hoe dominating at 53.8 percent. Forty five percent of the farmers have roads that are inaccessible during the rainy seasons. Results also showed that 33.9 percent of the farmers travelled over 30 kilometres to the nearest trading centre, with 61.4 percent of them agreeing that liberalisation demoralised them from producing cotton. With only 4.6 percent of the household heads qualified with tertiary education, and 16.8 percent having no formal education, the rural cotton farmers are very vulnerable to exploitation by lint buyers. Sixty percent of the respondents indicated that cooperative unions might help in addressing their problems; while 54.3 percent of them said they would strongly support the reinstatement of the cotton cooperative unions. It is clear from this study that agricultural cooperatives are the best mechanism to address market and supply chain failures not only in cotton but in almost all agricultural commodities. Cooperative Unions encourage collective farming that maximally exploits the advantages associated with the pooling of scarce resources to invest in farmers‟ operations which helps farmers to become more active market participants, allows them easy access to credit facilities, from funding institutions such as Small Medium Enterprises (SME), commercial banks, etc. The only caveat being that, the formation of cooperatives has to be with the full involvement of all members. Their operations emanate out of detailed supply chain analysis and needs analysis using Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), engagement and training of community members on cooperation principles so that it is internalised and entrenched within the members. Additionally, relevant tie ups and use of business principles to run and manage cooperatives professionally are important factors of success. Key Words: gricultural Liberalisation, Cotton Production, Kitgum District.
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Public Accountability Mechanisms in Primary Education Service Delivery in Lower Local Governments: A Case of Bukedea Town Council, Bukedea District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Akol, Joseph
AKOL JOSEPH (2009-MO83-10001) An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Public Accountability Mechanisms in Primary Education Service Delivery in Lower Local Governments: A Case of Bukedea Town Council, Bukedea District. The study set out to assess the extent to which public accountability mechanisms in education service delivery are effective in Bukedea Town Council of Bukedea district. The major concern was that while there are many known public accountability mechanisms such as public meetings, display of public information, the media and demand driven mechanisms such as protests and petitions, they seem largely ineffective in local governments. Meetings are irregular and are not well facilitated even when they take place, public information is not regularly displayed and when displayed it is not accurate and up-to-date and the media has not been utilised to provide information to the public. The objectives of the study, therefore, were to: establish whether those in authority in Bukedea Town Council provide sufficient and timely information about resources, plans and service delivery in education to citizens; assess whether the Town Council (TC) authorities provide citizens opportunities to participate in decision making through consultation and debate on education issues on a systematic and inclusive basis and; examine whether there has been any improvement in education service delivery in the TC since being curved out. The study that was both quantitative and qualitative was conducted at the TC and school levels. Views and information were obtained from elected councillors, TC residents, staff of the TC, head teachers and SMC chairpersons of schools in the TC and opinion leaders. Methods used were questionnaires, focus group discussions, unstructured key informant interviews, desk reviews and observations. Qualitative techniques were used to analyse data as it was being collected while quantitative data were analysed after completing data collection. The general finding of the study is that public accountability mechanisms in this TC are not very effective at both TC and school levels. While there are attempts to display public information, it is not accessible to the general public, complete and up to date. Public meetings such as budget conferences at the TC level are attended on invitation – not open to the general public. At school level, there are good attempts to regularly hold meetings of SMCs and PTA executive committees and parents‟ Annual General Meetings (AGMs), but these meetings, especially AGMs are very poorly attended and SMC and PTA executive meetings are supply driven – agenda and discussions driven by conveners – those in authority. The media has not been utilised to account to the public. There are no mechanisms to receive complaints, feedback or even compliments from the public such as suggestion boxes. Service delivery improvements that have taken place are not known by the members of the public. There is no deliberate attempt to inform members of the public about plans,budgets, programmes, projects etc–other than those invited to attend budget conferences. There are serious man power gaps in the district, TC and in schools that impact on public accountability. The study concludes that the traditional model of local governance, in which representatives are elected to take decisions on behalf of citizens with little input from citizens between elections, is still the one that prevails in this TC as well. Those elected are assumed to be able to assess the detailed needs and priorities on behalf of those they represent. Although some consultations are held with residents, it is usually through representation–LCs, Parish Development Committee members and through meetings especially at school levels. Such consultations are haphazard, biased and supply driven. The study recommends that in order to improve public accountability, the TC should provide more information and in more creative ways to community members; government should officially allow parents to contribute towards their children‟s education despite the existence of the UPE policy; communities need to be empowered with the necessary skills, tools and information to enable them engage with those in positions of responsibility; SMCs should be empowered to be effectively involved in the management of primary schools and manpower gaps that exist at the district, TC and school levels should be plugged. KEY WORDS: Public Accountability Mechanisms, Primary Education, Service Delivery ,Lower Local Governments, Bukedea District.
The Role of Local Governments in Ensuring Sustainability of Agricultural Projects: A Case Study of Nagojje Sub-county, Mukono District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Mumbere, James Cleto
MUMBERE JAMES CLETO (2010-M083-10034) The Role of Local Governments in Ensuring Sustainability of Agricultural Projects: A Case Study of Nagojje Sub-county, Mukono District. The report investigating the role of local governments in ensuring sustainability of agriculture projects sets out the findings of a study to answer five specific research questions: How Nagojje sub-county local government ensures sustainability of agricultural projects; how government disburses funds for Agricultural projects to Local Governments; whether communities participate in sustainability of Agricultural Projects in Nagojje sub-county; the challenges faced in ensuring sustainability of Agricultural Projects in Nagojje sub-county; and what could be the possible solutions to the challenges affecting the sustainability of agricultural projects in Nagojje sub-county. The research was conducted in Nagojje sub-county, Mukono district. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection. Data were collected from 60 respondents through household interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Both manual and computer packages (SPSS) were used to analyse the data. The findings from this research found out that community members not being involved in prioritisation of needs and problems, not able to demand physical and financial accountabilities, a good number being school drop-outs, corruption tendencies and not being in position to make their action plans while the local leaders fail to monitor projects as some of the factors having substantial influence on the sustainability of agriculture projects. Secondly, the politicisation of the programmes and the inadequate funding that even limits the local governments to plan for agriculture projects. All the above justify the big role local governments still have to do if they have to ensure sustainability of agriculture projects. The research offered key recommendations to both policymakers and practitioners. These include: Improving coordination, monitoring, inspection and evaluation of government programmes at all levels, Strengthening the accountability and anti-corruption institutions; specifying the timelines for clearance of contracts and building a committed and responsible citizenry able to partake of projects as their own and to ensure proper accountability is given by the local leaders. Conclusively, the research found that the role played by local governments in ensuring sustainability of agriculture projects is still minimal and so calls for local governments to use all their concerted efforts to see to it that agriculture projects are sustainable. Key Worfds: Local Governments, Sustainability, Agricultural Projects, Mukono District.
The Role of Trade on Economic Development in Ibanda District, Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Agaba, James B.
AGABA JAMES BANYENZAKI (2010-M162-20009) The Role of Trade on Economic Development in Ibanda District, Uganda. The study covered a period of 12 years (2000/12). The study was to establish the role of trade on economic development in Ibanda District-Uganda. The objectives were: to ascertain the major economic activities carried out in Ibanda district, to establish the relationship between trade and economic development in Ibanda district, and to ascertain the major challenges faced by the Ibanda district business community. The study found that the economic activities were classified as in the encyclopaedia and were revealed as professionals such as Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers and all the others who were involved in specialised services in return for fees and were self-employed, who were involved in the production and distribution of goods and services with the aim of earning profit. Despite the challenges differing by sector and geographical location within the study area, the study efforts discovered a number of constraints common to Ibanda, and key among these uncovered by the study were: Insufficient working capital, insecurity, lack of qualified human resources, lack of technology and information, high transportation costs, cumbersome and costly bureaucratic procedures. The linear regression analysis demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between financial trade activities with economic development in Ibanda district. Therefore, the study confirmed that trade activities were the greatest contributor with 73.7% to area economic development compared to other areas of economic development. For that reason, improving trade activities in this area would meaningfully move the district economic development higher and the reverse would happen if trade activities in this district are deterred. Key Words: Trade, Economic Development, Ibanda District.
The Influence of the Discovery of Hydrocarbons in the Albertine Graben on the Diplomatic Relations between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Rest of the World.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Yiga, Nakachwa Francisca
YIGA NAKACHWA FRANCISCA (2010-M172-20008) The Influence of the Discovery of Hydrocarbons in the Albertine Graben on the Diplomatic Relations between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Rest of the World. In a region which has long been affiliated with war, a potential blessing such as the discovery of hydrocarbons has brought in hurried efforts to pacify and rehabilitate the vicinity in the hope of easing access to the discovered potential wealth. Historically, the discovery of oil and gas has always been a curse to the beneficiaries of moribund economic businesses, dragging the feet of pessimism and optimism to a fragile peak of debate. When the shores of Lake Albert were singled out as having just more than fish, salt and perhaps sand, expatriates suddenly began seeking affiliation and stomped into the region to acquire shares. Infrastructure is in the process of being developed, land has been cleared, houses demolished as preparations are underway for the establishment of a refinery, camps for oil companies and other establishments necessary for the successful execution of an environment conducive for an oil rich region. For the greater part, the natives in the Albertine region have become so engrossed in grabbing entrepreneurial openings that they have lost count of the damage that is manifesting in the environment as plot after plot of land has been marked off for exploration. The region has since known degradation, conflict and more losses than gains as various opportunists have continued to lay strategies that have placed Uganda against the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the rest of the world. This study examines these interactions and serves as an eye opener to the reality that Uganda and DRC are continuously drawing close to the fangs of a potential „Resource Curse‟. The researcher learned that the discovery of hydrocarbons has impacted more negatively than positively on the political, social, economic and environmental aura of the Albertine Graben, in as much as the researcher unveiled several benefits. Thus, it was only seemingly fit to conclude that the future of the Albertine Graben is not secure, rather, there is a significant likelihood that Uganda and DRC will most likely end up as oil-cursed countries if government, oil companies, Civil Society Organisations, administrators and the masses do not take the initiative to avoid the foundational propelling factors likely to lead these countries into becoming oil-cursed. The researcher recommends that actors participant in the oil game ought to unite and operate as transparent, dialogue-friendly, accountable and cooperative if the best is to arise out of the discovery of hydrocarbons in the Albertine Graben. Key Words:Hydrocarbons, Albertine Graben, Diplomatic Relations ,Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Impact of Public-Private Partnership on Service Delivery: A Case Study of the Health Service Sector in Kasese District, Western Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Tumwine
TUMWINE (2010-MO83-10046) The Impact of Public-Private Partnership on Service Delivery: A Case Study of the Health Service Sector in Kasese District, Western Uganda. The impact of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in health service delivery in Kasese district is not well understood. This study, therefore, was undertaken to investigate the impact caused by government and private partnership in effective health service delivery. The general objective of the study was to assess the impact of public-private partnership on the health service sector in Kasese district over the period of 2006-2012 and specific objectives were to establish the extent of public-private partnership in increasing infrastructure in the health service sector; to investigate the undertaking with regard to personnel development in the health service sector; and to examine the contribution of public-private partnership on the increase of health equipments and drugs in the health service sector in Kasese district. Kagando hospital was purposively selected as a case study. The facility income, infrastructure, personnel and drugs plus equipment and how this support affected health service delivery was investigated. I also selected Kilembe hospital using similar methods for purposes of comparing and contrasting findings from Kagando hospital. It was discovered that although Kilembe was ravaged by floods in May 2013 and 70% of the hospital destroyed according to Dr. Edward Wefura the hospital superintendent, Kagando is well established as far as public-private partnership is concerned. The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study used Kagando hospital records from hospital documents for the fiscal years 2006-2012. Tables and charts were used to analyse and determine government financial, equipment/drugs, infrastructure and human resource support to the hospital and the efficiency in resource utilisation. In Kilembe I could not access the records; however, the management provided the necessary information, filed the questionnaire forms and participated in focus group discussions. The findings show that there was a general increase in government funding to Kagando hospital over the six years of study. Government-seconded staff to the hospital increased and these were doctors and nurses. Other services like outpatient also show increase. Outputs increased due to increase in financial and human resource support to the hospital from government and other donors. Other areas like staff training did not get enough funds. Infrastructure, equipment and drugs procurement increased. The overall trend of the hospital in terms of finance and human resource shows a growing trend and staff motivation did not change. When comparing Kagando to Kilembe hospital, both private hospitals working with government, I discovered that Kilembe is almost 100% government supported. This left Kagando hospital in a comfortable position as a well-established public-private partnership. The findings further reveal that the government of Uganda through PPPH extended grants worth Ug.Shs.1.4 billion to Kagando hospital. As regards the staff, 18% overall accounted for staff seconded by government. Trends show staff efficiency for over the six years period. The study made some recommendations i.e. increase and maintain grants to Kagando hospital. Government should increase professional staff i.e. doctors, nurses and specialists. Government should increase on-job training of Kagando hospital and supporting Kagando hospital school of nursing. Government should act quickly to rehabilitate Kilembe hospital and harmonise ownership of the hospital. Increase Kilembe hospital staff and rehabilitate hospital facilities plus conducting a study to establish the cause of the floods in Kilembe. The government should compensate the nurses and doctors who lost their property during the May 2013 floods. Key Words: Public-Private Partnership, Service Delivery, Health Service Sector, Kasese District.
The Role of Access to Information in Deepening Good Governance in Rural Communities in Uganda: A Case Study of the Ssese Islands, Kalangala District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Mugere, Isaac
MUGERA ISAAC (2010-MO83-10031) The Role of Access to Information in Deepening Good Governance in Rural Communities in Uganda: A Case Study of the Ssese Islands, Kalangala District. This research sought to examine the role of access to information in deepening good governance in the Ssese Islands, Kalangala District. It intended to establish whether the people in these Island communities are aware of their right of access to public information, and whether they have the capacity to use this information for purposes of promoting good governance in the district. The research studied people‟s experiences and challenges in accessing information as well as leaders‟ experiences and challenges in releasing and disseminating this information. The research dwelt more on the capacity of the people to use information because it directly determines people‟s demand and leaders‟ compliance to principles of good governance. The researcher explored the available alternative avenues that facilitate the accessibility and dissemination of information alongside the district initiatives, for purposes of comparison in effectiveness and efficiency. The research design adopted both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection with questionnaires and in-depth interviews as the key research instruments. The study was carried out in the Ssese Islands in Kalangala district and targeted 104 respondents. Key categories of respondents were District leaders, Civil Society leaders, Village leaders, and Community members. This study found out that the level of awareness on the right of access to information, as well as the level of literacy among the communities in Kalangala is very low, and, therefore, hindering their capacity to access and use information to promote good governance. There is also limited will among the leaders to release or disseminate public information, in addition to inadequate resources to facilitate the dissemination of public information. This research recommends that more sensitisation should be carried out among the communities and their leaders on the right of access to public information. It also recommends that Functional Adult Literacy programmes be promoted as well as encouraging parents to take children to school, to reduce the illiteracy levels among the population. Local governments should also devise ways of increasing budget allocations to the information sector to facilitate dissemination of public information. Key Words: Information, Good Governance, Rural Communities, Kalangala District
The Effects of Law Enforcement on the Rights of Street Children: A Case Study of Soroti Municipality.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) odikhor, Jovans Home Peter
ODIKHOR JOVANS HOME PETER (2010-MO83-1OO39) The Effects of Law Enforcement on the Rights of Street Children: A Case Study of Soroti Municipality. The study on the effects of law enforcement on the rights of street children, taking a case of Soroti municipality, was done using a qualitative case study design conducted in the Eastern division with a sample study population of 50 respondents that was strategically and purposively selected. Data collection involved use of questionnaires, focus group discussion and observation methods. The study objectives zeroed on the analysis of the legal implications of law enforcement on the rights of street children to parental care, investigating the effects of law enforcement on street children‟s right to freedom from torture and examining the coping mechanisms of children on the streets of Soroti municipality. On areas where abuses are commonly perpetrated against the street children, field data indicated that police ranked high at 68.42% with the children claiming that the police instead descended on them calling them all sorts of names and suspecting them to be a group of criminal gangs who snatch women‟s bags, rape them and break into people‟s shops. Prison and rehabilitation centres, however, ranked second with 13.15% and while those serving a sentence accounted for 10.53% and 5.26% respectively in Soroti municipality among others. Findings from the duty bearers, however, showed that the right to freedom from torture took centre stage as it accounted for 76.92% and the other right which was most likely to suffer abuse was revealed to be the right to parental care accounting for 23.08%. They quashed claims of being problematic in society and instead accused a section of police and their parents especially the step mothers for their fate on the streets much as observation revealed that, these children behaved in such a manner suggestive of hooliganism. In order to cope up with life, they continue to be used in homes, restaurants and other public places like bus/taxi parks to do menial works like garbage disposal, selling food stuffs among others. The children spend their time picking from rubbish pits and sleeping on the verandas and the bushy areas of Soroti municipality where their tormentors descend on them sending them scampering for their dear lives. Hence, there is a need for further research into the area of street children‟s livelihoods especially on torture and the effects of urbanisation on children. Key Words: Law Enforcement, Rights, Street Children, Soroti Municipality.
The Impact of Socio-Economic Status of Rural Women on their Health: A Case Study of Panyango Sub-county Nebbi District
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Ongei, Francis
ONGEI FRANCIS (2010-M083-10042) The Impact of Socio-Economic Status of Rural Women on their Health: A Case Study of Panyango Sub-county Nebbi District This study was undertaken to establish the effect of socio-economic status of rural women on their health. The main purpose of this study was to establish the relationship, if any, which exists between socio-economic status of rural women and their health. Three facets of socio-economic status were selected, namely; education, income levels and socio-cultural practices. Research objectives were used to guide the study as guiding tools. The specific objectives were, to find out the effects of women‟s level of education on their health; to establish the impact of income of women on their health and to assess how socio-cultural practices affect women‟s health. One of the major justifications to the study is that, it will prompt the policy makers and other stakeholders to address the socio-economic needs of rural women in a bid to improve their health conditions and make them aware in defending their rights. Related literature works were sought to establish the efforts put in closing the gap between socio-economic status and the health condition of rural women on hand. The study took both qualitative and quantitative designs. The study subjects were purposively selected using cluster sampling method and simple random sampling technique. Interviews, questionnaires, observations and Focus Group Discussion were used as data collection tools. The findings of the study revealed that the various socio-economic facets had impact on the health and general wellbeing of women especially rural women. It is, therefore, recommended that relevant and basic learning curriculum, relevant competent facilitators and appropriate investing and financing options should be devised by the policy makers and other stakeholders to improve on the socio-economic wellbeing of rural women so as to enable them earn a better living, where their rights and status are respected and observed by other members of the society. Key Words: Socio-Economic Status, Rural Women, Health, Nebbi District.
The Effect of the East African Community Customs Union on the Performance of Uganda’s Agricultural Exports: A Case of Maize.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Kabasinguzi, Brenda
KABASINGUZI BRENDA (2010-M162-20003) The Effect of the East African Community Customs Union on the Performance of Uganda’s Agricultural Exports: A Case of Maize. Support for regional economic integration in Africa runs high amongst the continent‟s international development partners and African elites (OECD, 2010). However, there are mixed views on whether the blocs are a blessing to the economies or not. This study examines the effect of the East African Community Customs Union (EAC CU) on Uganda‟s agricultural exports performance with specific focus on Maize exports covering the period (2009-2012). The objectives of the study are: to identify the relationship between customs procedures and the performance of maize as an agricultural export, to establish the relationship between trade creation and the performance of maize as an agricultural export and to determine the relationship between non-tariff barriers and the performance of maize as an agricultural export. The study employs a correlational research design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches and the Pearson correlation coefficient and regressions where tables are adopted and applied for data analysis. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between customs procedures in the EAC and performance of Uganda‟s maize exports; trade creation and performance of Uganda‟s maize exports as well as non-tariff barriers and performance of Uganda‟s maize exports to the region. The study revealed that non-tariff barriers were the key factors hindering the exportation of maize within the region and identified them as Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary measures, roadblocks and weigh bridges. The research recommends taking a holistic regional approach towards the establishment of a coherent and agreed-upon vision for promoting and managing standards to improve maize export competitiveness in the region as well as fast tracking of the EAC Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) Protocol and to further harmonise food and agriculture trade standards in order to encourage trade creation and increase returns to producers, traders and processors alike. In addition, simplification of customs procedures and implementation of the Single Window policy is highly recommended to reduce the costs of doing business that come with cumbersome and time consuming customs procedures. Re-echoing the member states‟ commitment to complete abolition of NTBs to trade within the region as stated in Article 13 of the protocol establishing the EAC CU. The research also emphasises the need to eliminate all Non-Tariff Barriers to trade within the region in order to enhance economic gains through exploitation of economies of scale among the member states hence realising the major objectives of the Customs Union. Lastly, the research recommends that government should have an upper hand in regulating the maize sector to resolve issues of segregation that are cropping up in the East African Grain Council (EAGC) as complaints state that the Council favours Kenya‟s interests at the expense of Uganda‟s hence affecting Uganda‟s maize export performance. Key Words: East African Community, Customs Union, Uganda’s Agricultural Exports, Maize.
International Law and Politics: The Case of the Right to Freedom of Assembly in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Bbaale, Matthias
BBAALE MATTHIAS (2010-M172-20003) International Law and Politics: The Case of the Right to Freedom of Assembly in Uganda. The Right to Freedom of Assembly is sometimes taken to be a derogable right due to the nature of politics and the Law under play in Uganda. Consequently, this has resulted in loss of human life and property, as a result of constant violations caused by misinterpretations of some International Human Rights instruments and Treaties, and Constitutional provisions ratified to protect and promote the Right to Freedom of Assembly in the world, and Uganda in particular. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between International Human Rights Law and Politics in Uganda, in relation to the Right to Freedom of Assembly. The specific objectives were: to examine International and Municipal Law concerning the Right to Freedom of Assembly, to assess the challenges faced by the Uganda Human Rights Commission in promoting and protecting human rights in Uganda, and to investigate the politics and the law of protecting and promoting the Right to Freedom of Assembly in Uganda. The literature reviewed in support of this study was based on international legal theories, basing the arguments from the positivist and realist schools of thought. It predominantly focused on international legal approaches concerning human rights abuses, protection and promotion. Much of the literature was obtained from a variety of sources including books, local and international journals, newspapers, general articles, whistleblowers, related reports, research dissertations and assessment reports. A cross sectional research design was used because it helps a researcher to get quantitative and qualitative description of trends, attitudes and opinions of the population. This involved the design of research instruments in a qualitative and quantitative nature. The methodology employed was largely secondary sources found in books, document review, general articles and the use of questionnaires, formal and informal interviews. A purposive sampling strategy was adopted for this study and it involved selection of those specific respondents that were believed to be key parties to the issues being studied. Findings indicated that the Right to Freedom of Assembly in Uganda was being infringed upon in all forms. It was also found out that this right was mostly infringed by security agencies led by the Uganda Police Forces by trying to crack down political rallies organised by political parties. However, further findings indicated that the international community can influence the government‟s decisions to improve on the Right to Freedom of Assembly so as to have a peaceable and more prosperous Country. The research concluded that despite the constitutional changes which have taken place in Uganda since early 1995, and which have resulted in, among other things, entrenchment of bills of rights, including provisions relating to Freedom of Association, Assembly and Expression, there is need to adhere to the standards provided for under international standards on human rights. The research recommended that the state should intervene urgently to secure conditions permitting the exercise of the Right to Freedom of Assembly and Procession, and this may require positive measures to be taken to enable lawful demonstrations to proceed peacefully. The study recommended a democratic system of governance that allows for the independence of the judiciary good governance embedded on economic, social, political and corporate governance calling for the rule of law, fighting corruption, and observance and implementation of national, regional and international Human Rights Instruments and Treaties ratified to protect and promote the Right to Freedom of Assembly. Key Words: International Law, Politics.
Effects of Poor Communication on Development in Local Governments: A Case Study of Kotido District Local Government.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Orisa, Joseph
ORISA JOSEPH (2010-MO83-10043) Effects of Poor Communication on Development in Local Governments: A Case Study of Kotido District Local Government. Applying the single case study method to investigate the effects of poor communication to development in Local Governments will help improve the performance of Local Government Communications. The purpose of this case study was to gain a deeper understanding of how poor communication impacts on development in the local government context. The results revealed the lack of adequate political and administrative support for communication posing a number of constraints to strategic and effective communication leading to underdevelopment. There was also inadequacy of communication staff as the district has only one staff to man communication in the district headquarters and in all the six sub-counties. He quadruples as the Information Officer, Public Relations Officer, Cameraman, and Reporter for the Local Government, Civil Society and Private Sector as the entire district has no single Journalist resident in the area due to its remoteness and underdevelopment. The study also found out that Kotido district Local Government lacks an official Telephone Number and E-mail address to receive communication and feedback from communities and other stakeholders within and outside Uganda. The district‟s website, www.Kotido.go.ug is inactive and has never been updated for the last five years. Shockingly it still bears names of staff that either left the service long ago or even died as active staff. The study further revealed that the main medium of communication was through writing of letters because the district has no single Radio Station and yet 88% of the people there are illiterate. The study found that effects of poor communication led to delay in service delivery, mistrust amongst Local Government staff, corruption, suspicions and confusion. Negative media reports depicting Karamoja and Kotido as barbaric and backward has made the district fail to attract staff especially those in the health sector. The study found out that Kotido has only One Medical Doctor qualified as a gynaecologist who doubles as the District Director of Health services to cater for over 200,000 people. There is urgent need to address the above communication issues if development is to be realised in Kotido. This study also revealed interesting implications for further study, including exploring public relations theory related to the need to develop a communication strategy for Local Governments. Key Words: Poor Communication, Development, Local Governments, Kotido District.

Browse

Browsing Department of Development Studies by Issue Date