Department of Development Studies

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Acculturation and wellbeing of refugees: a study of Somalis in Kampala-Uganda
(University of Melbourne, 2015) Balyejjusa, Senkosi Moses
Although there is substantial research on refugee acculturation in developed and industrialised countries, there is limited research on the same within Africa in general and Uganda in particular. This study fills this gap by investigating, analysing and describing Somali refugees’ acculturation strategies, ways in which Ugandans influence Somali refugees’ acculturation and the relationship between Somali refugees’ acculturation and their wellbeing. In this thesis I argue that Somali refugees’ acculturation is selective and purposive, and contextual. The selective and purposive actions of Somali refugees are determined by the expected benefits from a particular behaviour, availability of alternatives, situational and individual factors. On the other hand, the contextual factors such as the multi-cultural and religious nature of the host community, laws promoting refugee freedoms and rights, Somali refugees’ residential status and perceived dissimilarity between the cultures of the two groups independently influenced Somali refugees’ acculturation and wellbeing. More importantly, these contextual factors also influenced Somali refugees’ selective and purposive actions in some respects. I conclude by showing that the combination of selective and purposive actions and contextual factors demonstrates Somali refugees’ exercise of socio-culturally mediated agency during their acculturation process and in pursuance of their wellbeing.
Application of Business Ethics in International Trade: A Case Study of Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd and Diffusion Engineers Ltd.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Luteete, Mikka
LUTEETE MIKKA (2011-M162-20001) Application of Business Ethics in International Trade: A Case Study of Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd and Diffusion Engineers Ltd. Uganda is at a stage when industrialisation and investments are on the increase because of its available raw materials and ready market. In the course of their duties, however, various ethical issues come up due to their minding about profit maximisation. Ethics has been attracting heightened attention throughout the World. Different Stake holder‟s expectations of the business have increasingly ranged from maximisation of profits to strong levels of Ethics. Research on Ethics in the Ugandan context has been minimal. Therefore, there is a need for international businesses in Uganda to actively embrace application of ethics. This descriptive research sought to check the application of ethics in international trade organisations, the relationship between ethics and trade development, analysis of ethical laws and judicial precedents. The researcher employed multiple research methods, which were qualitative and quantitative. The field data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations. The secondary data were obtained through extensive literature review of documents. The results of the study showed that ethical applications in Ugandan corporations are very minimal since there is no government body for its enforceability. The report recommends a fact that in order for the application of ethics to be a success in our trade corporations, there is need for the government to liaise with the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Industry and the Uganda Investment Board to come up with strict procedures on the practices of business in Uganda. This will help regulate on the relationship between employers and their employees. Key Words: Business Ethics, International Trade, Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd, Diffusion Engineers Ltd
Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Osodo, Philip
OSODO PHILIP (2008-M083-10019) Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions. The study set out to investigate the local perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation in and between the cross-border resettlement communities of Iteso, Thur and Karimojong at Kapelebyong, Lokopo and Nyakwae sub-counties in Amuria, Napak and Abim districts in the Teso and Karamoja sub regions in North Eastern Uganda. It used a case study as its research design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to establish the perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation between and among pastoral communities in north eastern Uganda, especially the Karimojong and Iteso; to assess the attribution of different initiatives undertaken by different stakeholders to address the conflict between and among the Karimojong and Iteso of north eastern Uganda and; to suggest recommendations and best practices that could guide the future processes of addressing conflicts between and among pastoral communities especially those in north-eastern Uganda. The study found out that, telling the truth about wrong things committed, reconciling the conflicting parties, regular interactions through holding of dialogue meetings to discuss issues of common effect to the concerned communities, demystifying attitudes, beliefs, animosities, prejudices that create hatred and divide people in and between communities, offering and sharing of available material, moral, skill and spiritual assistance to and between people in need is crucial for sustainable peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation. The study concluded that, through combined efforts of government of Uganda and Non-Governmental Organisations, well-wishers, international community and the local communities, there is now relative peace; reintegration of the conflicting parties, restitution, restoration, rehabilitation, among people and the communities. However, there is need to sustain peace building capacities and structures that can prevent the conflict re-occurrences in the future. The study recommends that, the government of Uganda should mobilise resources locally and globally to facilitate the post-conflict re-construction programmes for Teso and Karamoja sub-regions. The government of Uganda should also demystify the growing cross-border land/line tensions between Teso and Karamoja. Key Words: Local Perceptions, Commitments, Peace Building, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Transformation, Karamoja Sub Regions.
Assessing the Contribution of Agricultural Extension Services to Food Security at Kyaka II Refugee settlement.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Aluma, Noha Yahaya
ALUMA NOHA YAHAYA (2014-M092-20016) Assessing the Contribution of Agricultural Extension Services to Food Security at Kyaka II Refugee settlement. The purpose of the study was to assess the contribution of agricultural extension services to food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. The study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish how farmer sensitisation/training affects food security among refugee communities in Kyaka II refugee settlement, to establish the relationship between distribution of seeds/farm inputs and food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement and to determine the relationship between monitoring of farmers and food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. A cross sectional and quantitative survey, was used in the selection of 162 respondents from Kyaka II refugee settlement. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Results showed that sensitisation/training does not associate positively with food security of the Kyaka II refugee settlement, distribution of seeds/farm inputs associates positively with food security of Kyaka II Refugee Settlement and monitoring of farmers associates positively with food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. The study, therefore, recommended that it is important to train refugee farmers on how to do the farming; however, this is not enough as a lot has to be done on the most effective methods to do the sensitisation in order to have positive impact on the food security. Sensitisation of refugee farmers is good but the provision of the farm inputs to farmers creates a bigger positive impact on improvement of food security. However, the farm inputs should be given in the right time, in the right quantities and qualities and to the right people. Additionally, in order to have continuous food security, farmers should always be monitored by the concerned stakeholders such that they are helped in areas where they feel they are not doing well in farming, those that are lazy are pushed to do something and with this effort, food security will be attained in the area. Key Words: Agricultural Extension Services, Food Security, Kyaka II Refugee settlement.
Assessing the Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development of Rural Households: A Case Study of SMEs in Kanyantorogo Sub-County Kanungu District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Birungi, Herbert
BIRUNGI HERBERT (2013-M092-20002) Assessing the Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development of Rural Households: A Case Study of SMEs in Kanyantorogo Sub-County Kanungu District. The study sought to assess the contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to economic development of rural households in Kanyantorogo sub-county. Specifically, the study was conducted to establish the nature of Small and Medium Enterprises, explore the contribution of SMEs towards creation of employment opportunities for rural households, establish how SMEs have increased household income, establish the contribution of SMEs to household food security and lastly explore how SMEs have improved health for rural households. However, key challenges facing SMEs and how SMEs can be made more effective were also established during interviews and also included in this report. A case study design using qualitative approach was adopted by this study in data collection and analysis. Purposive sampling was used to sample the 33 respondents who participated in the study. A total of 33 face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 SMEs owners, 10 SMEs household members, 07 SME employees and 06 government officials in senior positions charged with responsibility over SMEs. This research adopted a case study design to answer four major questions i.e. what is the nature of SMEs? In what specific ways have SMEs contributed to economic development of rural households? What are the challenges faced by SMEs? and in what ways can SMEs become more effective? The findings show that SMEs are distributed across all sectors with majority in the agricultural sector, with a high number of small enterprises as compared to medium enterprises. It was revealed that most employees are employed by small enterprises compared to medium enterprises; most SMEs were started with a motive of increasing income, followed by employment creation and market opportunity availability with more older persons economically productive than the youth. Most SMEs in Kanyantorogo sub-county are owned by sole proprietors with majority of them registered with local tax collection authorities. Results of the study further show that SMEs have contributed greatly to economic development of rural households through their role in poverty reduction, income generation, creation of employment opportunities and promotion of investment which all have improved food security and health for household members. Major challenges faced by SMEs are crime, lack of technical skills, and lack of finances and taxation which all hinder establishment and growth of the sector. Major recommendations suggested for improving effectiveness of SMEs are development of business management skills, change of attitude and strengthening government‟s commitment. Key Words: Small and Medium Enterprises, Economic Development, Rural Households, Kanungu District.
Assessing the Coping Mechanisms of Local Government to Inadequate Funding for Efficient and Effective Service Delivery: A Case Study of Kibaale District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Lwanga, Anthony Claret
LWANGA ANTHONY CLARET (2010-M083-10026) Assessing the Coping Mechanisms of Local Government to Inadequate Funding for Efficient and Effective Service Delivery: A Case Study of Kibaale District. Uganda adopted the decentralisation strategy way back in 1993 but there have been persistent cries and concerns about inadequate funding to local governments and its impact on efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery. This study was about establishing and documenting the copying mechanisms of local governments with specific focus on Kibaale district in the face of inadequate resources resulting from the abolition of graduated tax. The variables treated in the study included staff morale, revenue sources, and governance in relation to effective service delivery in local government. The researcher used questionnaires which had both closed and open ended questions which were administered to members of the executive, members of the technical and planning committee, Community Development Officers, and members of the finance committee. Focus Group Discussions for selected support staff from the district and lower local governments were conducted and there was critical documentary analysis where records were analysed and scrutinised with the help of research assistants. The findings revealed that there is inadequate remuneration of staff to run the district effectively, limited budget, inadequate accommodation, low pay and incentives, effective planning and budgeting. However, in spite of the aforementioned, there was reported high performance, effective appropriation of funds, transparency and accountability being taken seriously, participatory decision making, effective finance standing committees and political support. The study concludes that better remuneration packages for employees, budget expansion, best practices, provision of accommodation for staff, pay rise, identifying appropriate revenue sources, effective collection of revenue, encouraging participatory decision making, provision of accommodation for staff and good working relations between policy makers and technical staff are key to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in local governments. It is highly recommended that the good practices exhibited by Kibaale local government should be improved into best practices for efficient and effective service delivery in the District. Key Words: Mechanisms, Local Government, Service Delivery, Kibaale District.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes in the Reintegration of Children in Street Situations in Kampala District: A Case Study of Selected Non-Governmental Organisations.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Kalule, Willington
KALULE WILLINGTON (2014-M092-20014) Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes in the Reintegration of Children in Street Situations in Kampala District: A Case Study of Selected Non-Governmental Organisations. The study was conducted in four non-government organisations in the divisions of Kawempe, Makindye, Nakawa and Rubaga in Kampala district. The major objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes in the reintegration of children in street situations in four chosen organisations in Kampala district. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the content and pedagogy of the rehabilitation programmes; find out opinions of the organisations on their rehabilitation programmes; explore the perceptions of the rehabilitated children in street situations that have undergone rehabilitation towards these programmes; and to find out the views of the selected care giver community towards rehabilitation programmes in the selected organisations. Using both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, the researcher adopted a case study design, using interviews and a questionnaire on a sample of 72 respondents. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic and discursive method while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, specifically, frequencies and percentages. Findings were that the content of rehabilitation programmes in the organisations that were under study seemed to majorly contain education, basic needs, counselling and guidance giving less attention to skills development, bible sharing and psychosocial support. The pedagogy under which these organisations operated was not clear and no organisation gave a clear picture of what pushed them to work with children in street situations. In objective two, findings revealed that rehabilitation programmes helped to transform lives of children in street situations. However, rehabilitation programmes were not so much of behavioural change agents. Child acceptance and love where given little attention as important end results of rehabilitation programmes. Creating a positive community impact was not given great attention by all the organisations in the study. The findings in objective three revealed that children perceived rehabilitation programmes as those that helped improve their ways of behaviour from street ethics to behaviour accepted in society, feel valued and loved and enabled them to study. Most children, however, complained they were being returned home quickly against their will. The language used in the programme (English) was also a communication challenge to most of them and threatening them with punishment when they made mistakes also scared them. The findings in objective four revealed that caregivers perceived rehabilitation programmes as those which helped their children become humble. They, however, were not happy with rehabilitation programmes they thought to have defective elements where children were taught their rights but not their obligations at home. They said programmes also brought about failure of children to disassociate themselves from organisations in which they were. The mixture of children of all categories was also another challenge where they picked on other bad behaviours from other children. In order to attain effective rehabilitation programmes in the reintegration of children in street situations, a uniform rehabilitation programme for children in street situations be designed by government for all organisations in this field. Organisations should sensitise their staff about the pedagogy under which they operate to help streamline organisation activities and motivate staff to work towards the same direction. Organisations should go for more qualified counsellors and sensitise their staff about the elements in their rehabilitation programmes for proper operations. Children in street situations should get sensitised about rehabilitation to adequately prepare for reintegration. Caregivers and communities should be sensitised by organisations about rehabilitation programmes, children‟ rights for successful reintegration of children in street situations. Government should revisit the period the children in street situations have to spend in rehabilitation homes on rehabilitation programmes for adequate time to rehabilitate and reintegrate these children. Key Words: Rehabilitation Programmes, Non-Governmental Organisations, Street Children, Kampala District.
Assessing the Effects of Sponsorship Scheme on the Education of the Girl Child: A Case Study of Kyazanga Rural Sub–County, Lwengo District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Ntezumukiza, Deogratias
NTEZUMUKIZA DEOGRATIAS (2013 – M092 – 30002) Assessing the Effects of Sponsorship Scheme on the Education of the Girl Child: A Case Study of Kyazanga Rural Sub–County, Lwengo District. The research entitled, „Assessing the effects of sponsorship scheme on the education of the girl child‟ was conducted in Kyazanga sub-county, Lwengo district. The study was carried out with the following objectives: to find out the effects of timely payment of school fees on girl child class attendance, to establish the effects of scholastic materials on girl child performance and to find out the relationship between provision of meals and girl child retention in school in Kyazanga Rural sub-county. The study tried to find answers to three research questions which were formulated to guide the study. The research methodology was a case study design where both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in Kyazanga sub-county, Lwengo district. The sample size was determined using purposive sampling and the sample size consisted of 80 subjects. The data collection tools included: a questionnaire and interview guide which were given to selected head teachers, teachers, pupils in primary school and community leaders. Quality control was kept to ensure that the findings were reliable; the researcher sorted the data, edited it and processed using electronic devices. Data was analysed and presented in tables and figures. To ensure validity, the instruments were first pretested before data collection. The ethical consideration was also observed whereby the participants were briefed and participation was voluntary based on the consent of the participants. The findings indicate that sponsorship scheme has had a great effect on the education of the girl child through timely payment of school fees, provision of scholastic materials and meals which have enhanced girl child attendance, improved class performance, and increased retention rates respectively. The researcher recommended that sponsorship organisations should increase coverage of schools and girl children sponsored. Sponsorship should embrace timely payment of school fees, provision of scholastic materials and provision of meals. Development partners like non-government organisations should provide trainings to parents to support early girl child education. Key Words: Sponsorship Scheme, Education, Girl Child, Lwengo District.
Assessing the Impact of Uganda’s Participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia on its Foreign Policy Performance
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Achato, Daniel
ACHATO DANIEL (2011-M172-20001) Assessing the Impact of Uganda’s Participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia on its Foreign Policy Performance In recent years, Peace Keeping Missions (PKMs) have attracted attention throughout the world especially on the issue that states which participate in PKMs are interfering in the sovereignty of other states and, therefore, contradicting the basic principles of international law and attracting unnecessary hostility towards themselves. Previous research into effect of PKMs on foreign policy 109 performance has yielded mixed results and in the Ugandan context has been minimal. What is clear, however, is that the foreign policy implementers in Uganda have embraced the idea of PKMs as is evidenced by Uganda‟s participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). There are still questions though, on how participating in PKMs affects the foreign policy performance of a state. This descriptive research study sought to answer the question and provide information to various stakeholders on the effect of participation in PKM‟S, on a countries foreign policy performance. A survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data on factors that influence PKM practice, and its effect on Uganda‟s foreign policy performance. An analysis of the survey has indicated that Uganda‟s participation in AMISOM has a positive effect on foreign policy performance especially when it comes to the fulfilment of Uganda‟s foreign policy objectives such as the promotion of regional security. Results of the study further indicated that PKMs is just one of the myriad factors that affect foreign policy performance as there are many other factors that a country like Uganda needs to take into consideration regarding performance. The insights obtained from the study are of relevance to stakeholders and managers of foreign policy. Key Words: African Union Mission, Somalia, Foreign Policy Performance
Assessing the Influence of Organic Farming on Food Security in Luweero District: A Case Study of Kikyusa Sub-County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Kyakuwa, Joan
KYAKUWA JOAN (2013-M092-20006) Assessing the Influence of Organic Farming on Food Security in Luweero District: A Case Study of Kikyusa Sub-County. The study was done to assess the influence of organic farming on food security in Kikyusa sub-county, Luweero district with specific objectives that included; (a) to find out whether inter-cropping under organic farming has increased food availability (b) to determine whether the use of organic manure has contributed to food utilisation (c) to establish the role of bio-pesticides in promoting food stability (d) to find out the challenges encountered by organic farmers in Kikyusa sub-county. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches, using a case study design. The study population consisted of organic farmers and agricultural extension workers from kikyusa sub-county. A sample size of 100 organic farmers was selected for the study using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The study used both primary and secondary sources to collect data. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, interview guides, focus group discussions and observations. The secondary data was collected through documentary review. The study findings indicated that inter-cropping and use of manure have had a positive effect on food security by 90% in Kikyusa sub-county. The use of these techniques was proved to have a great influence in improving soil fertility and food production. For instance, inter-cropping showed to have a significant influence in the production of food diversity and maintaining soil fertility. The use of manure was found to have a great influence in producing vitamins and protein-rich food crops by 85%. However, it was found that the use of bio-pesticides has not had any impact on food stability. The main food crops grown included; bananas, beans, maize, sweet potatoes, cassava, kyetumula, green vegetables and fruits including mangoes, oranges and pineapples. The study found that the main challenges that organic farmers face in Kikyusa sub-county included; unfavourable weather changes, pests and diseases and lack of market for their crops. In conclusion, the study noted that organic farming has high potential to improve food security in Kikyusa sub-county, hence, it is recommended to improve farmer‟s knowledge on new organic farming methods and adequate investment in research on organic farming practices. Finally, farmers should be empowered to have access to credit facilities through micro-finance institutions so that they can expand their production and be able to supply their products to markets. Key Words: Organic Farming, Food Security, Luweero District.
An Assessment of Factor Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Akenya, Ochwo Jennipher
AKENYA OCHWO JENNIFER (2008-MO83-10003) An Assessment of Factors Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county. This study was carried out on family planning services utilisation among the populace of Paya Sub-county in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. The research sought to analyse the nature of family planning services used the sub–county; the extent to which women utilise family planning services; the factors that affect utilisation of family planning services and suggestions for ways through which access and effective utilisation of the services can be improved. The research adopted the case study exploration design and utilised focus group discussion, interview, observation and documentary analysis data collection methods to gather data. The study established that the traditional methods of family planning were the most used within Paya sub-county followed by natural means. A number of women were not using any family planning methods while others simply abstained. Among the modern family planning methods used in the sub-county, condom use took the biggest share followed by pills, injectable, Norplant and Tube ligation respectively. The major factors affecting utilisation of family planning were mainly the need for more children and the general lack of information, fear for side effects, religious beliefs, myths and rumours. It was, however, suggested that provision of free family planning services, involving men in family planning activities and sensitisation of the communities could improve utilisation of the services in Paya sub-county. From the study, factors affecting the utilisation of family planning services are a combination of historical, social, economic, and religious factors. A number of approaches are needed to enable access and effective utilisation of family planning services. Further studies are suggested in the areas of the quality of family planning services rendered, the best practices in providing family planning services to rural people, and the extent to which health services are accessible to people in rural areas. Key Words: Family Planning Services, Women, Tororo District.
An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Anywar, Martin
ANYWAR MARTIN (2009-M023-20002) An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers. This study aimed at assessing how agricultural liberalisation has affected cotton production among rural farmers in Kitgum district. The study set out to answer the following research questions: (i) How has agricultural liberalisation affected cotton production among rural cotton farmers in Kitgum?; (ii) What are the underlying causes of the poor farm level cotton production in the era of agricultural liberalisation?, (iii) Can agricultural cooperative unions leverage cotton production among rural cotton farmers? This was a survey that employed descriptive research design to obtain information concerning the current status of cotton production among the rural smallholder cotton farmers. Pre-testing of the data collection instruments was done. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at the sample size and snowball sampling for element sampling. Primary data from 368 respondents was collected through a standard interview guide of open-ended and closed-ended questions. This study employed descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the primary data obtained. The results showed that cotton production in Kitgum has been relegated to smallholder farmers operating individually with most of them belonging to poor and low income households. On average, a rural cotton farmer cultivates cotton on only 1.7 acres, representing only 30 percent of the total land accessible to him/her annually. 97.8 percent of the farmers indicated that agriculture is their first principle source of income; with 33.4 percent depending solely on it for a livelihood. Only 18.2 percent use the ox-ploughs with the use of human labour and the hand-hoe dominating at 53.8 percent. Forty five percent of the farmers have roads that are inaccessible during the rainy seasons. Results also showed that 33.9 percent of the farmers travelled over 30 kilometres to the nearest trading centre, with 61.4 percent of them agreeing that liberalisation demoralised them from producing cotton. With only 4.6 percent of the household heads qualified with tertiary education, and 16.8 percent having no formal education, the rural cotton farmers are very vulnerable to exploitation by lint buyers. Sixty percent of the respondents indicated that cooperative unions might help in addressing their problems; while 54.3 percent of them said they would strongly support the reinstatement of the cotton cooperative unions. It is clear from this study that agricultural cooperatives are the best mechanism to address market and supply chain failures not only in cotton but in almost all agricultural commodities. Cooperative Unions encourage collective farming that maximally exploits the advantages associated with the pooling of scarce resources to invest in farmers‟ operations which helps farmers to become more active market participants, allows them easy access to credit facilities, from funding institutions such as Small Medium Enterprises (SME), commercial banks, etc. The only caveat being that, the formation of cooperatives has to be with the full involvement of all members. Their operations emanate out of detailed supply chain analysis and needs analysis using Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), engagement and training of community members on cooperation principles so that it is internalised and entrenched within the members. Additionally, relevant tie ups and use of business principles to run and manage cooperatives professionally are important factors of success. Key Words: gricultural Liberalisation, Cotton Production, Kitgum District.
Assessment of park resource use by local communities as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected area : the case of Rwenzori Mountains National park adjacent communities
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012-09) Ochen, Ismael Ochen
Assessment of park resource use by local communities as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas was carried out in communities adjacent to Rwenzori Mountains National Park (RMNP). Since 2008, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) signed 14 Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) with local communities in 15 parishes around RMNP to access dry bamboo, firewood, medicinal plants and mushrooms. There was increased pressure from local communities for resources in the park which had strained the relationship between the park management and the communities. There were also increased illegal activities such as poaching and pit sawing because of negative attitudes towards the park. As a response, 14 MOUs for resource use were signed with communities in 15 parishes adjacent to the park in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012. The purpose of resource access was to allow communities access some resources from the park, so as to reduce conflict with communities and increase their participation in park management. This was to enhance conservation of natural resources in the park. The overall objective of the study was to assess park resource use a strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas. The specific objectives were to assess the resources accessed from RMNP by local communities, the effects of resource use on natural resources conservation, the effectiveness and sustainability of resource use as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas. The research was undertaken between February and May 2012 in communities that were allowed by UWA to access park resources and among staff of UWA working in RMNP. It involved qualitative and quantitative approach using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key interviewees and individual interviewees. Data was collected from 100 community members, 9 park rangers working in RMNP, 6 key interviewees using interview schedules, questionnaires and key interviewees/focus group discussion guide respectively. The study found that resource access has improved relationship between the communities and the park management. There was increased reporting of incidence of illegal activities cited in the park which they had been condoning before resource use. When resource access was formally begun, selective harvesting of only dry bamboos and wood, use of only gazatted paths and cultural sites were promoted. Timeframe for harvesting resources were also agreed by communities to ensure optimal control for sustainability. However the study found instances where resource access hinders conservation of natural resources in the park. There is littering in the park by resource users with polythene and human wastes such as feces and urine. Similarly domestic animals transported through the park also litter with their wastes. These increases risk of infecting wild animals especially apes with human diseases. However, Resource Access Strategy is effective because it has managed to change communities’ negative attitudes towards the park. It is recommended that, UWA should regulate charges levied by Resource Use Committees for accessing some resources to increase affordability. Resource Use Committees should have duty rota to ensure full participation of all members of the committees. The Government of Uganda should also formulate policies to guide and regulate resource use in protected areas.
An Assessment of the Contribution of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Boosting Agricultural Productivity in Moyo District: A Case Study of Moyo Savings and Credit Cooperative Society Limited.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Mawa, Alatawa Stephen
MAWA ALATAWA STEPHEN (2013-M093-10003) An Assessment of the Contribution of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Boosting Agricultural Productivity in Moyo District: A Case Study of Moyo Savings and Credit Cooperative Society Limited. Uganda has put emphasis on agricultural productivity as a strategy for raising rural incomes and reducing rural poverty. However, the available secondary data show that the biggest challenge faced by rural areas in Uganda is access to financial services for supporting rural agricultural productivity. As such, the government of Uganda in the early 2000s came up with the Savings and Credit Cooperative Society (SACCO) model of development for rural agricultural productivity enhancement. Therefore, this study set out to establish the contribution of SACCOs in boosting rural agricultural productivity. In this study a qualitative methodology was employed with a case study of Moyo SACCO in Moyo district. Household questionnaires were used to elicit data from members of the SACCO who were involved in agricultural productivity and key informant interviews were employed to gain professional insights and policy overviews on the linkage between SACCOs and agricultural productivity at district and sub-county levels. Eighty four respondents were reached as questionnaires were administered to 72 households and 12 key informant interviews were conducted. The data generated was analysed by thematic and narrative analysis although content analysis to a lesser extend was also employed. The data analysed was reorganised and presented in graphs, tables and charts for easy presentation. The research findings indicated that SACCOs have potential for boosting agricultural productivity by readily making capital available in the rural areas for farmers which has been the biggest challenge for rural farmers. The study, however, also found out that SACCOs do not have adequate potential for marketing of agricultural products, thereby leaving individual farmers to market their own produce. In the area of education, it was revealed that sensitisation and training of members of SACCOs were inadequate as many members still lacked adequate knowledge about SACCOs especially financial literacy. SACCOs have contributed to boosting rural agricultural productivity to a lesser extent by improvements in agricultural capital productivity, agricultural land productivity, agricultural labour productivity and agricultural technology (improved inputs) productivity where some members were able to improve on the quality of their lives. The study revealed that agricultural loans were not managed by technical officers who could not give advisory services to the farmers; agricultural productivity was also declining due to reliance on weather which has of recent due to climate change been varying a lot. The findings suggested for improvement of agricultural credit assessment and lending by SACCOs and frequent government monitoring, supervision and proper regulation of SACCO operations. The study recommended for training of SACCO members on financial literacy and innovative farming technologies such as rain water harvesting. The study also recommended for professional agricultural loan officers who are qualified agricultural officers to change agricultural loan management from business minded to value addition. Farmers are also encouraged to form groups and each group engages only in enterprises where they have comparative advantage through agricultural zoning. Key Words: Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies, Agricultural Productivity, Moyo District.
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Diplomatic and Military Interventions in Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of the M23 and Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Mwase, Godfrey Jeser
MWASE GODFREY JESER (2011-M172-20012) An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Diplomatic and Military Interventions in Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of the M23 and Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict. This study was about the effectiveness of diplomatic and military interventions in preventing and resolving the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict. The study sought to establish the contribution of diplomatic and military intervention in conflict prevention of the M23-DR Congo conflict. The study also sought to find out the relationship between military and diplomatic intervention in conflict prevention. A qualitative research design was used to help the researcher to collect data and information by using a number of secondary sources such as the media, publications and literature. For addressing questions of this research, past studies and researches conducted on similar and related topics were comprehensively evaluated and examined by the researcher. Interviews and focus group discussions approaches were used to collect qualitative data. Using Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a significant relationship (Pearson correlation value = 0.891**) between diplomatic intervention and conflict prevention in the M23-DR Congo conflict. This was an indication that conflict prevention can be enhanced with diplomatic intervention. However, there was a less significant relationship between military intervention and conflict prevention. It was recommended that there was need for a grassroots strategy to address the Congo conflict which should include enhancing control of customary powers, setting up impartial land management institutions and initiating inter-communal dialogue projects. Key Words: MWASE GODFREY JESER (2011-M172-20012) An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Diplomatic and Military Interventions in Conflict Prevention: A Case Study of the M23 and Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict. This study was about the effectiveness of diplomatic and military interventions in preventing and resolving the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict. The study sought to establish the contribution of diplomatic and military intervention in conflict prevention of the M23-DR Congo conflict. The study also sought to find out the relationship between military and diplomatic intervention in conflict prevention. A qualitative research design was used to help the researcher to collect data and information by using a number of secondary sources such as the media, publications and literature. For addressing questions of this research, past studies and researches conducted on similar and related topics were comprehensively evaluated and examined by the researcher. Interviews and focus group discussions approaches were used to collect qualitative data. Using Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a significant relationship (Pearson correlation value = 0.891**) between diplomatic intervention and conflict prevention in the M23-DR Congo conflict. This was an indication that conflict prevention can be enhanced with diplomatic intervention. However, there was a less significant relationship between military intervention and conflict prevention. It was recommended that there was need for a grassroots strategy to address the Congo conflict which should include enhancing control of customary powers, setting up impartial land management institutions and initiating inter-communal dialogue projects. Key Words: Diplomatic, Military Interventions, Conflict
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Public Accountability Mechanisms in Primary Education Service Delivery in Lower Local Governments: A Case of Bukedea Town Council, Bukedea District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Akol, Joseph
AKOL JOSEPH (2009-MO83-10001) An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Public Accountability Mechanisms in Primary Education Service Delivery in Lower Local Governments: A Case of Bukedea Town Council, Bukedea District. The study set out to assess the extent to which public accountability mechanisms in education service delivery are effective in Bukedea Town Council of Bukedea district. The major concern was that while there are many known public accountability mechanisms such as public meetings, display of public information, the media and demand driven mechanisms such as protests and petitions, they seem largely ineffective in local governments. Meetings are irregular and are not well facilitated even when they take place, public information is not regularly displayed and when displayed it is not accurate and up-to-date and the media has not been utilised to provide information to the public. The objectives of the study, therefore, were to: establish whether those in authority in Bukedea Town Council provide sufficient and timely information about resources, plans and service delivery in education to citizens; assess whether the Town Council (TC) authorities provide citizens opportunities to participate in decision making through consultation and debate on education issues on a systematic and inclusive basis and; examine whether there has been any improvement in education service delivery in the TC since being curved out. The study that was both quantitative and qualitative was conducted at the TC and school levels. Views and information were obtained from elected councillors, TC residents, staff of the TC, head teachers and SMC chairpersons of schools in the TC and opinion leaders. Methods used were questionnaires, focus group discussions, unstructured key informant interviews, desk reviews and observations. Qualitative techniques were used to analyse data as it was being collected while quantitative data were analysed after completing data collection. The general finding of the study is that public accountability mechanisms in this TC are not very effective at both TC and school levels. While there are attempts to display public information, it is not accessible to the general public, complete and up to date. Public meetings such as budget conferences at the TC level are attended on invitation – not open to the general public. At school level, there are good attempts to regularly hold meetings of SMCs and PTA executive committees and parents‟ Annual General Meetings (AGMs), but these meetings, especially AGMs are very poorly attended and SMC and PTA executive meetings are supply driven – agenda and discussions driven by conveners – those in authority. The media has not been utilised to account to the public. There are no mechanisms to receive complaints, feedback or even compliments from the public such as suggestion boxes. Service delivery improvements that have taken place are not known by the members of the public. There is no deliberate attempt to inform members of the public about plans,budgets, programmes, projects etc–other than those invited to attend budget conferences. There are serious man power gaps in the district, TC and in schools that impact on public accountability. The study concludes that the traditional model of local governance, in which representatives are elected to take decisions on behalf of citizens with little input from citizens between elections, is still the one that prevails in this TC as well. Those elected are assumed to be able to assess the detailed needs and priorities on behalf of those they represent. Although some consultations are held with residents, it is usually through representation–LCs, Parish Development Committee members and through meetings especially at school levels. Such consultations are haphazard, biased and supply driven. The study recommends that in order to improve public accountability, the TC should provide more information and in more creative ways to community members; government should officially allow parents to contribute towards their children‟s education despite the existence of the UPE policy; communities need to be empowered with the necessary skills, tools and information to enable them engage with those in positions of responsibility; SMCs should be empowered to be effectively involved in the management of primary schools and manpower gaps that exist at the district, TC and school levels should be plugged. KEY WORDS: Public Accountability Mechanisms, Primary Education, Service Delivery ,Lower Local Governments, Bukedea District.
An Assessment of the Effects of Domestic Workers on Family Stability as an Incentive to Development in Kimanya-Kyabakuza Division: A Case Study of Selected Households in Old Kumbu and Kijjabwemi Villages.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012) Namuwonge, Olive
NAMUWONGE OLIVE (2012-M092-20047) An Assessment of the Effects of Domestic Workers on Family Stability as an Incentive to Development in Kimanya-Kyabakuza Division: A Case Study of Selected Households in Old Kumbu and Kijjabwemi Villages. The study assessed the effect of domestic workers on family stability as an incentive to development in Old Kumbu and Kijjabwemi villages, in Masaka Municipality. It specifically sought to establish the ways in which domestic workers affect family stability; assess specific ways in which family stability or instability caused by domestic workers affects development; and establish viable ways for mitigating family instability caused by domestic workers and hence regulate its effects on development in Old Kumbu and Kijjabwemi villages. Family stability was looked at and treated in this study as an incentive to development, lack of which holds great potential to negatively affect development. The study used a case study design with qualitative approach. The study population involved household heads who employ domestic workers, domestic workers, and local government officers. Data was collected using interviews. In data analysis, thematic analysis, content analysis and narrative analysis was used to summarise and analyse key themes, words, phrases and sentences according to the study specific objectives. Study findings revealed domestic workers as a source of instability that comes in when they perceive the work they are required to perform as repressive to them, and they start doing things contrary to what they are supposed to do. This has been reflected in harassing children when parents are not around, which aspect may result into sickness of children a key issue in affecting family stability. The existence of domestic workers in families has left serious negative consequences to some families leading to marital break downs especially in incidents where there has been evidence of adultery. On a positive note, domestic workers have helped in doing house chores which gives the family heads space to concentrate on other businesses important for developing the family. It has helped children to learn new domestic chores, led to proper allocation of resources in terms of time and other key resources in the home, which in some respects has significantly contributed to development of households and the domestic workers. A lot of effort still needs to be done to ensure that there is family stability so as to enhance to family development. Majority of domestic workers interviewed suggested that to achieve family stability, employers must ensure mutual respect for domestic workers, improve on the pay of employees and as well as pay them in time, give them good health care with reduced work appropriate for them. All these efforts will make these household employees to feel appreciated and be able to perform as expected and contribute to family stability and development. Key Words: Domestic Workers, Family Stability.
An Assessment of the Impact of International Criminal Court Intervention in Peace Making, Justice and Conflict Resolution in Northern Uganda: A Case Study of Kitgum District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Opika, Opoka Peter
OPIKA OPOKA PETER (2011-M172-20016) An Assessment of the Impact of International Criminal Court Intervention in Peace Making, Justice and Conflict Resolution in Northern Uganda: A Case Study of Kitgum District. The study was intended to investigate the impact of the International Criminal Court (ICC) intervention in peace making, justice and conflict resolution in Northern Uganda with particular emphasis to the war in Kitgum district between the years 2002 to 2012. The study was guided by the following objectives; To identify the root causes of the war in Northern Uganda especially Kitgum district; To investigate the impact of ICC intervention in containment of conflicts in Northern Uganda and; To suggest policy recommendations to the ICC and Government of Uganda in comprehensive containment of conflicts in Northern Uganda. The research used a descriptive design and this entailed both qualitative and quantitative methods in investigating the impact of the ICC intervention in the Northern Uganda war, peace, and justice and conflict resolution in Uganda with a particular reference to Kitgum district. The predetermined questions of the interviews were used to verify the reliability of the data collected. The study population involved a total of 320 respondents selected randomly from three sub-counties, and Kitgum Government Administration District and NGOs‟ representatives were interviewed. The tools of data collection used included; Questionnaires with simple and clear questions were administered to respondents in each category of the study population and were answered in relation to the objectives. Observations were also used to physically determine the level of business operations. It was, therefore, understood according to the findings of this study that conflicts in the Northern part of Uganda especially Kitgum district were as a result of the anti-government parties and individuals who were not supporting the local government. This was supported by a large number of respondents 178 out of 320. It was also concluded that the war in Northern part of Uganda was as a result of the revenge of the supporters of the earlier northern political leadership supporters who could not feel comfortable with the current government in power and so looked for a way of revenge to bring back power in their hands. It was also concluded that tabling reconciliation of the LRA surrenders was a great impact of the ICC intervention in Northern Uganda. It was recommended that the international community should facilitate a series of meetings involving local, national, and international stakeholders to develop an integrated and comprehensive strategy for peace and justice in Northern Uganda. The Ugandan Government should reform the amnesty process so that it is more inclusive and better meets victims‟ expectations. Key Words: International Criminal Court, Intervention, Peace Making, Justice, Conflict Resolution, Northern Uganda, Kitgum District.
An Assessment of the Personnel challenges in the Decentralised Service Delivery in Juba County, Central Equatoria State Government in South Sudan.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Lujanga, John J.
LUJANG JOHN JANGALING (2010-M083-10025) An Assessment of the Personnel challenges in the Decentralised Service Delivery in Juba County, Central Equatoria State Government in South Sudan The study sought to assess the personnel challenges in the decentralised service delivery in Juba County. The study aimed to examine the personnel status in terms of experience, skills and training. It also focused in analysing the factors affecting the effectiveness of personnel; and made recommendations to improve personnel management in the decentralised delivery of services. The study design was descriptive and adopted both qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection. It was carried out on two payams of Rejaf and Tijor and targeted 150 respondents. A total of 129 respondents participated in the study implying 86% response rate. The study established many factors affecting the effectiveness of the personnel. The study found that since 2005 to date Staff were inadequate in number and skills since most of them don‟t have qualifications and there were only few active personnel which hindered the decentralised service delivery. At the county level, there were many unclassified personnel with no experience, skills and competencies and there were only few trained personnel who were classified staff seconded from the state government to work for a time being in the county. The reasons as to why the majority were not qualified and skilful were because most of them are secondary school leavers and from Arabic speaking background and don‟t understand English well enough to enable them to deliver services effectively and efficiently. The study revealed factors like the threat of personnel and local authorities with guns from the former soldiers, the delay and no salaries, Vastness of the areas of operations of the local authorities, lack of documentations to run the services and lack of rule of law among others which affected the personnel effectiveness. The study recommended that in order to improve the quality of personnel, there is urgent need for the central government, state government and the County authorities to strengthen the lower administrative units (payam, boma) to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of personnel on performance goals. This will enhance the personnel‟s ability to know their job expectation thereby improving their service delivery. To enhance the personnel quantity, quality and accessibility, urgent action is required from the state government and the County local government to proportionately recruit personnel based on merit across the whole county. Similarly, there is urgent need to allocate personnel to perform duties for which they are qualified to give citizens the quality of service for which they pay taxes. The state ministry of local government needs to build the capacity of the local government administrative officers by organising regular workshops, seminars, ongoing training, provision of training modules and materials that cover a wide range of fields including financial management, planning, budgeting, good governance, project appraisal and management, human resource management. In that way, the problem of low skills may be minimised and so on. Key Words: Decentralised Service Delivery, South Sudan.
An Assessment of the Role of Village Savings and Loans Associations in Improving the Lives of Farmers in Kiryandongo Sub-County, Kiryandongo District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Kifampa, Joseph
KIFAMPA JOSEPH (2014-M092-20002) An Assessment of the Role of Village Savings and Loans Associations in Improving the Lives of Farmers in Kiryandongo Sub-County, Kiryandongo District. This report reflects an assessment of the role played by Village Savings and Loans Association (VSLAs) on improving farmers‟ livelihoods as a result of a study conducted in Kiryandongo sub-county Kiryandongo district. The major objective of the research was to find out the role of VSLAs service in improving farmers‟ livelihoods in Uganda using Kiryandongo sub-county as a case study. The research design was a case study which employed only qualitative approaches. The study had a total population of 330 with a sample size of 30 people targeted from six VSLA groups in Kiryandongo sub-county. Data was collected using interviews and success story methods. Furthermore, data was analysed and presented using a narrative form by categorisation method using themes. The study findings revealed that use of loans was a relevant intervention that was worthy further pursuit. Participants attributed the improvements in their state of life to the loans they had acquired. The study largely also revealed that basing on savings, VSLA members accessed loans and acquired assets for their homes, even acquiring houses, purchase of land, farm equipment, agricultural inputs among others which transformed greatly their livelihoods. Through BDS trainings, members were able to acquire business skills amongst themselves which has assisted them to invest wisely compared to those without the BDS skills. The study, however, recommended the following: since at a later stage, the financial needs of some individual VSLA members surpass what the VSLA‟s can provide, there is huge need to link VSLA to established financial institutions. This would also reduce on the risks associated with keeping money in a cash box. Saving meetings become routine and monotonous for individual VSLA members; there is need to liaise with government agencies like NAADS to enable VSLA access other government services like agricultural trainings; whilst the VSLA model guidelines require 15-30 individuals to become members, it is evident that in some communities, opening up membership slightly would be quite useful. Key Words: Village Savings and Loans Associations, Farmers, Kiryandongo District.