Journal Articles (Development Studies)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12280/263

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Africa Peace and Conflict Journal, v. 4, no. 1, June 2011
(2011) Ngabirano, Maximiano; Karbo, Tony; Abdalla, Amr
Two sets of standards are often applied to Africa: in one, the international community takes decisive action when there is sufficient geo-political interest in a state, and in the other, the international community remains on the sideline as belligerents; typically, sub-Saharans fight on without intervention until a clear winner emerges. In North Africa the ‘Arab Spring’ emerged from confrontations between citizens demanding new and better governance and positive changes in their lives and those benefiting from the status quo. The articles in this edition address governance or gender and sometimes both. They touch on pertinent aspects of governance and security that affect not only Africa, but the international community as well.
Africa: A Continent Exiting and Entering a Century in a ‘Sick-Bay’
(Uganda Martyrs University, 1999) Mataze, Owa Nduhukhire
The paper appears in three parts, which must be read as one. Part One situates the current development crisis in Africa in the relevant theoretical and historical context. It also highlights the global context of the crisis and the extent it has hindered genuine human-centred development in the continent to date. Part Two examines the ideological assumptions that underlie and sustain the development crisis. These are the myths and deceptions on and about Africa, its natural and human resources and the reproduction of these distorted images. The relationship between the ideologies and the anti-social and anti-environmental growth patterns is examined. Part Three examines current philosophies and practices that are increasingly pushing Africa into the fangs of global capitalism on the basis of an intensified `sponsored-peripheral capitalism'. Finally, suggestions as to how the continent can enjoy the twenty-first century outside the `sick-bay' of `mal-development' are made. A select bibliography is included at the end of each part.
Amnesty and Prosecution of International Humanitarian Law Violations in Uganda:
(Journal of Development Studies, 2015) Kabiito, Bendicto
In continued human search for peace and justice, which are pertinent to development, post-war societies are confronted with a dilemma of either letting go of the past through legalized amnesty or embarking on comprehensive prosecution of perpetuators of that violence, in response to the troubled past. What remains important is to know that the path taken in the post-war atmosphere leads to either possibility or impossibility of sustainable peace and development. This was a challenge northern Uganda is facing after two decades of unspeakable suffering. With the contextual, epistemological and experiential perspectives, this study delves into the nexus between granted amnesty in Uganda and the subsequent call for retributive justice. Though disputed, amnesty was opted for in a bid to deliberate on the necessity of compromise in the justice-peace search. Moreover, although it presented with some weaknesses, Uganda’s amnesty gesture was indeed a necessary path to peace. Its necessity and credibility are vividly stamped by various amnesty examples from elsewhere, and sealed by an eventual call for the harmonization instead of polarization of peace and justice efforts.
Beyond Masculinity: Gender, Conflict and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Northern Uganda
(African Journals Online, 2011) Esuruku, Robert Senath
Masculinity and femininity debates of armed conflict in Africa have always regarded men as fighters and women as passive victims of war. The exclusion of women from the armed forces in most traditional societies originated from the assumption that women are a weaker sex and therefore cannot manage military life. Nevertheless, women in Uganda have voluntarily joined the armed forces, while some of them have been abducted and forcefully recruited into the rebel forces. Notwithstanding the central role women have played in the armed conflict in Northern Uganda, they have been side-lined in the processes of peace negotiation and post conflict reconstruction of the region. This paper looks at how masculinity is manipulated in conflict and the role women have played in the conflict, peace process and post conflict reconstruction in Northern Uganda.
Broken Citizenship: Formely abducted children and their social reintegration in Northen Uganda
(2010) Angucia, margaret
Among the large Scale conflict that have defined the African continent in twentieth and twenty-first centuries, is the Lord Resistence Army (LRA) rebellion against President Museveni's government in Northern Uganda. The conflict resulted in insecurity in all forms, including the abduction and use of children in the war, a continuation of the historical involvement of conflict the world over. The children's' war experiences of abduction, captivity and other human rights violations while with the LRA have led to complex and difficult relationships with their community and they now need assistance to be reintegrated back into the society. consequently, the general research question guiding this study was: What are the experiences of the formerly abducted children and can they be reintegrated into their communities?
Building vocational skills for marginalised youth in Uganda:
(Elsevier, 2015) Tukundane, Cuthbert; Minnaert, Alexander
Educational exclusion leads to the marginalisation of many youth in regards to employment and other livelihood opportunities. Vocational education and training (VET) is expected to offer skills to ameliorate this situation. This paper presents findings of an exploratory study conducted on four VET programmes for marginalised youth in the rural areas of Mbarara district, south-western Uganda to examine the current VET practices and how the youth are prepared for the labour market and livelihood opportunities. The findings show that VET can improve access to labour market and livelihood opportunities, but a number of areas require improvement.
Business ethics as field of teaching, training and research in East Africa
(African Journal of Business Ethics, 2011) Mawa, Michael; Adams, Jane
The increase in corporate malfeasance has lead to a rising interest in Business Ethics in general and a particular focus on Business Ethics as an academic field, but the proliferation of Business Ethics as an academic field on a global scale is not yet as well known. This paper forms part of the global survey of Business Ethics that has been commissioned to gain a better understanding of the prevalence and scope of teaching, training and research in the field of Business Ethics. The paper provides a summary of the survey and research results regarding the current status of Business Ethics as an academic field in the East African region. The findings lead to a conclusion that Business Ethics has gained momentum and is having an increased presence in the region, but that it is far from well established as an academic field.
The Case for an African Solution to Cybercrime:
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2016) Nkongho, Eno-Akpa, Rene
Currently, Africa hosts 4 of 10 countries with the highest cybercrime levels in the world. To augment the inadequacy of municipal cyber legislations in Africa, the African Union Convention on Security in Cyberspace and Personal Data Protection (AUCSCPDP) was signed in July 27, 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. Basing on documentary reviews, surveillance of media coverage and observations on cybersecurity initiatives across the globe, this critical assessment concludes that the AUCSCPDP is the most comprehensive continent-wide cybersecurity convention. Unlike the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (CoECC, 2001), benchmarked herein, the AUCSCPDP attunes to Africa’s context, prohibiting identity flexibility and associative anonymity in ecommerce; outlawing spam; addressing the use of encryption in cybercrime; prohibiting key forms of online discrimination, which all currently constitute Africa’s biggest vulnerability in cyber space. The AUCSCPDP provision for independent expert vulnerability testing of Internet service introduces an essential process through which Africa’s ICT development will proactively incorporate online security measures. However, the provisions permitting nonconsensual interference with private, personal and sensitive data; the interference with online traffic or content data; and the issuance of search and seizure warrants that permit inappropriate and broad ongoing investigation mandates to judges will inadvertently undermine values that the AUCSCPDP is seeking to protect such as rights to privacy and freedom of expression. The provisions covering aggravation and corporate liability are crafted, albeit inadvertently, in ways that will impose unjustified legal burdens on individuals and corporations. By not providing for a model cyber law, by precluding provisions on jurisdiction, and avoiding a continent-wide Computer
Centrality of the family in the pursuit of sustainable development
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012) Luswata, Albert
The complex nature of the concept of sustainable development requires an integration of knowledge, other than basing on a particular science or model. This article widens the horizon by bringing onboard an approach based on the family. Contrary to the adversely and reductionist tendency that relegates it to a marginal role, this article argues that the family, understood in the normative sense and as the mediating institution between the individual and society, has a central role to play in the pursuit of sustainable development. It is the guarantee of the harmonious realization of the three interdependent pillars of sustainable development namely, the economic development, the social development and the environmental protection. Given the dialectical relationship between the family and society, the article not only implores society to put the family at the heart of public policy but also to follow the principle of subsidiarity while dealing with the family.
Conflict threats to human security: the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) case, Gulu District, Northern Uganda
(Science Research Publishing, 2019-12-03) Abaho, Anne; Mawa, Micheal; Asiimwe, Solomon
The study recognised that conflicts threaten human security in various ways. When prolonged, for example, they have a direct damage on physical infrastructure such as medical and educational facilities. Using a qualitative research approach, the study focused on Gulu district in Northern Uganda, to unearth the threats to human security as a result of the protracted Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) conflict. The data collection methods included: Focus Group Discussions, Interviews and Document Review. Samples of 44 participants were purposively identified. From the field findings, it was discovered that the dimensions of human security threatened by conflict ranged from personal, health and community security. The study recommended that there needs to be a deliberate effort in the post-conflict period to rehabilitate infrastructure especially schools and hospitals while counselling services should be supported to mitigate the psychological effects of the conflict.
Constitutionalism, Democratisation and Militarism in Uganda
(Nkumba University, 2016) Muchwa Asiimwe, Solomon
The paper analyses the extent to which constitutionalism and democratization have played out in Uganda and whether militarism has interfered with the sustainability of constitutionalism and democratization, leading to indiscriminate suppression of human rights of individuals and groups in the country. This analysis is done through a historical trajectory. The paper opens up with an introduction detailing Uganda’s political landscape; it explains the concept of democratization next and discusses how militarism has influenced constitutionalism and democratization in Uganda. The paper concludes by noting that constitutionalism and democracy can guarantee human rights but the involvement of the military and security forces in managing civilian activities has tended to undermine this in Uganda. The involvement of security forces in Uganda politics has been right from the first government and even today there are stories reported about the security and military officials acting extra-judiciary. It is stressed in this paper that democracy requires the people to participate in their political governance freely and a legitimate government requires the consent of the people but not the manifestation of authority.
Contractor Monitoring and Performance of Road Infrastructure Projects in Uganda: A Management Model
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2017) Byaruhanga, Aloysius; Basheka, Benon C.
An understanding of the influence of contractor monitoring on performance of road infrastructural projects in Uganda provided an impetus for this study. The objectives of the study were to: assess the relationship between contractors monitoring and performance of national road infrastructure projects and the relationship between contractor monitoring components and performance of national road infrastructure projects in Uganda. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting the procurement professionals, engineers and simple random sampling was adopted in selecting private consultants, members of parliament and respondents from the civil society organizations. Data for this study were collected using a closed ended questionnaire and interviews. Some of the major finding from this study include: weak procurement rules which lead to awarding road projects to incompetent contractors; contractor monitoring being handled by unqualified, incompetent and inexperienced professionals; lack of contractors and contract supervisors appraisal system; delay of contractors payments which affects timelines in services delivery; lack of a strong internal project monitoring and evaluation mechanism at the Uganda National Roads Agency (UNRA). The research therefore recommends the establishment of an Independent Public Infrastructure Development and Monitoring Unit by government and adoption of systems that appraise both contractors and contract supervisors with clear disciplinary actions for unsatisfactory performance by the UNRA.
Contribution of human capital on poverty reduction in rural areas of Uganda. a case of Kisoro District
(International Peer Reviewed Journal and Book Publishers, 2023-03-07) Kwizera, George; Mwirumubi, Richard; Muchwa Asiimwe, Solomon
The study was about the contribution of human capital onpoverty reduction in rural areas of Uganda taking Kisoro district as a case study. In Uganda, poverty in rural areas had remained a challenge as depicted by 31 percent of population below poverty line as of financial year 2016/2017 (UBOS, 2018) having risen from 22.8 percent in financial year 2012/2013 (MoFPED, 2014). In Kisoro district, poverty was high as manifested by low household access to electricity (7.6%), piped water (33.7 %), high illiteracy levels, food insecurity, poor housing conditions where 84.6% of households lived in semi-permanent dwelling units (UBOS, 2017). The purpose of the study was to examine how human capital could contribute to poverty reduction in rural areas of Uganda takingin Kisoro districtas a case study. The study was carried out in Kisoro district on 391 respondents against the targeted 400 which represented 97.8 % response rate. The respondents included farmers, district technical staff, business entrepreneurs, agricultural industrialists, political, religious and opinion leaders. The study triangulated both quantitative and qualitative approaches and a cross-sectional survey was used. Data collection methods used included: survey, interviews,observations and review of primary and secondary documents; while the tools used were self-administered questionnaires, interview guide, interview schedule, observation plan and its checklist, a camera and a recorder. The study findings established that education could significantly ensure rural poverty reduction in Kisoro district, with a positive and significant relationship between them (r = 0.415, p< 0.05). Education also explained 23.2% of the contribution on rural poverty reduction. Training had a significant effect on rural poverty reduction in Kisoro district with a positive and significant relationship between them (r = 0.267, p< 0.05). Training also explained 9.1% contribution to rural poverty reduction. There was significant relationship between human capital and rural poverty reduction in Kisoro district. It was concluded that human capital had a great contribution towards poverty reduction in rural areas. The study recommended that; public education, research and development, science and technology and enabling policies could sustainably be promoted for enhanced productivity, poverty reduction and development.
Decentralization and Efficient Service Delivery in Local Governments
(2011) Ngabirano, Maximiano; Omaada, Esibo; Asiimwe, Elizabeth
This collective volume on decentralization and service delivery in local governments, notably in Uganda, is the outcome of a conference organized in Kampala in 2009 by Uganda Martyrs University and University of Groningen. The volume highlights the importance of citizen participation in local governance as a foundation for efficient service delivery. Contributions: Decentralisation and efficient service delivery in local governments: special reference to Uganda (Ephraim Kamuntu); Participatory service delivery: processes, opportunities and challenges for local government in South Africa with respect to the urban-rural divide (Betty Claire Mubangizi); Politics of decentralization and local governance in Uganda -1986 to 2010 (Bidandi-Ssali Jaberi); Civil society organizations in public accountability and democratisation in local governments of Uganda: case study of CSOs in Kabale District (Maximiano Ngabirano); Mobilisation and utilization of financial resources and effective service delivery in a decentralised system: a case of Mbale District local government of Uganda (Jacinta Bwegyeme); Rural poverty eradication and sustainability consciousness in Kyanamukaaka sub-county's decentralised framework (Jimmy Spire Ssentongo); Procurement management and its implications on service delivery in decentralized urban local government systems in Uganda: empirical findings from Kampala City Council (Olive Nantume and Benon C. Basheka); Partnerships in decentralised health services delivery: the utility of stakeholder theory in a three sector development model (Josephat Itika); Exploring behavioural patterns: provision of and access to healthcare services in Bushenyi District (Elizabeth Asiimwe); Mobilising rural community participation in education: community development and decentralisation in South Africa -2003 to the present (Michael Gardiner); Towards a fully decentralised education system in Uganda: lessons from Abek in Karamoja (Mary Cecilia Draru); Challenges and prospects of decentralised agriculture system of service delivery: a case of Kiboga District (Tabitha Naisiko). [ASC Leiden abstract]
Democracy and rural development in post-apartheid South Africa
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012) Matunhu, Jephias; Nengwenkhulu, Ranwedzi
The research addresses the contentious link between democracy and sustainable rural economic development in post-apartheid South Africa. Historically, in 1994, the democratic state in South Africa inherited a legacy of high economic inequality between the urban areas (first economy) and rural areas (second economy). Fifteen years into democracy: about 65% of the 48 million South Africans live in the rural areas; and 75% of the rural residents still survive under extreme poverty and are disconnected from the first economy. This paper argues that lack of entrepreneurial skills and knowledge keeps the rural residents out of the first national economy.
Documenting Baganda Ethno-medicine:
(Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 2016) Ssozi, Leonard; Kabiito, Bendicto; Byaruhanga, Aloysius; Kanata, Willy
The continued use of ethno-medicines among some indigenous communities in the contemporary Uganda remains as one of the clearest evidence that indigenous people do not only have close relationship with nature, but also have always had the ability to use various environmental elements (flora and fauna) to their health advantage. Given their continued relevance and use, this study engaged in a task of documenting the commonly used ethno-medicines among the Baganda people, informed by a participatory study undertaken in Gombe Sub-county. Taking stock of the herbal resource in local environments is essential to making their conservation, preservation and use appreciated in potential user communities. Presented herewith are the herbal medicines identified by herbalists, traditional healers and local community members who use them. They are presented according to their local and botanical names, the disease they treat, plant parts used, and how they are prepared and administered.
Eco-socio Impact of Mineral Resource Mining in the Karamoja Region of Uganda
(Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, 2017) Namutebi, Estellina
Mining is one of the prolific activities geared towards poverty eradication, but an elusive goal for most government leaders in developing countries. Oftentimes, the economic aspect of mining overshadows ecological and social needs in context of host communities. For that reason, Karamoja region has experienced violent ethnic conflicts, which has made it difficult to trust mining activities to transform the area and contribute to healing of the deep-seated animosity within ethnic groups. This study used interviews and focus group discussions among artisanal miners and the data obtained was content analysed. The outcomes indicated that mineral resource mining activities are still in their infancy, yet environmental degradation is visible and human rights violations and escalating disagreements between communities are also evident. Therefore, peaceful co-existence is a prerequisite between mining companies and the Karamajong to achieve sustainable eco-socio development in Karamoja region. Moreover, the local people‘s participation in mining activities is instrumental in achieving sustainable development.
Eco-socio Impact of Mineral Resource Mining in the Karamoja Region of Uganda
(African Journals Online, 2017) Namutebi, Estellina
Mining is one of the prolific activities geared towards poverty eradication, but an elusive goal for most government leaders in developing countries. Oftentimes, the economic aspect of mining overshadows ecological and social needs in context of host communities. For that reason, Karamoja region has experienced violent ethnic conflicts, which has made it difficult to trust mining activities to transform the area and contribute to healing of the deep-seated animosity within ethnic groups. This study used interviews and focus group discussions among artisanal miners and the data obtained was content analysed. The outcomes indicated that mineral resource mining activities are still in their infancy, yet environmental degradation is visible and human rights violations and escalating disagreements between communities are also evident. Therefore, peaceful co-existence is a prerequisite between mining companies and the Karamajong to achieve sustainable eco-socio development in Karamoja region. Moreover, the local people‘s participation in mining activities is instrumental in achieving sustainable development.
Effectiveness of the education in building self-reliance skills among refugee students in Uganda
(UniversePG, 2023) Ssimbwa, Peter; Asiimwe, Solomon; Mawa, Michael
The study sought to find out the effectiveness of education interventions for refugees in refugee communities in Uganda’s Districts of Kiryandongo and Kampala. It explored practices used in management of education programs, how programs enabled refugees to become self-reliant, the efficiency ratios obtained across education initiatives implemented by mandated organizations in the beneficiary schools. Stories of change through output of education in terms of relevant training and solving major refugee challenges of mutual existence with host communities in diverse and complex refugee settlement environments. For example, the implementation of Refugee regulations (2010) and the refugee response framework called for integrated support and cooperation of all stakeholders including the beneficiaries. 193 persons participated in the studies which were students, staff of education civil society organizations, teachers and district education leaders and heads of schools. Implementation mechanisms were examined to ascertain facts about creative initiatives, participation of parents, community leaders as well as efficiency ratios achieved in performance of students. The study revealed educational facilities provided and enrolment rates at different educational levels. Significance of impact and outcomes made through education infrastructure available in schools, and competencies built for students among refugee communities to be able to reconstruct their life increased. Enrollment in several practical education programs increased and students gained useful knowledge and skills to resolve the major challenges in refugee settlements or returned home capable of getting employed or starting their own businesses.
The effects of porous borders on the security of states in the Great Lakes region: a case of Uganda
(2023-01-31) Asiimwe Muchwa, Solomon
This paper is addressing the concept of porous borders and how it affects the security of a country using Uganda as a case. Borders the way we know them are associated with the concept of a state, and the Westphalia model of a state. States by nature are known to claim territorial competence since the Westphalia Treaty; so, their boundaries have to be known and respected by other states and nonstate actors. Uganda as a landlocked country again has many porous boundaries which normally affects the security of the country. And like all African countries these borders were arbitrarily delimited by colonialists with so many ramifications that the country is still facing. This paper is divided into six parts, namely; Background information, conceptual questions, analysis of the causes of porous borders in Africa, the effects of porous borders on Uganda‟s Security, and exceptions to the concept of border security, as well as recommendations. Methodologically, the author relied more on qualitative methods and based on library research.

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