Post-Graduate Dissertations (Education)
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Item The Influence of Secondary School Environment on Students’ Academic Performance in Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE) Examinations for Students with First Grades in Primary Leaving Examinations (PLE) in Lyantonde District(Uganda Martyrs University, 2021-04) Wasswa, Kawooya AchillesThis study examined the influence of Secondary School Environment on students’ academic performance in Uganda Certificate of Education examinations for students with first grade in Primary Leaving Education in Lyantonde District. Specific study objectives included: (i) To determine whether there is any relationship between disciplinary management measures in the four selected secondary schools and students’ academic performance in the Uganda Certificate of Education examinations in Lyantonde district, (ii) To determine whether there is any relationship between physical facilities of a school and students’ academic performance in Uganda Certification of Education Examinations, (iii) to determine whether there is any relationship between school’s academic based rewarding mechanism and students’ academic performance in Uganda Certificate of Educations examinations. The researcher used a causal comparative research design which was both qualitative and quantitative. The data collected, presented, analyzed and interpreted was both numerical and descriptive. The researcher used documentary review, questionnaires and interview guide instruments and established that there was a significant relationship between disciplinary management measures applied to enforce discipline by a particular school and students’ academic performance in Uganda Certificate of Education examinations for students with first grades in Primary Leaving Examinations. The study findings further indicated a significant relationship between school physical facilities and the students’ academic performance. In schools where respondents were proud of the quality of classrooms students’ academic performance in their Uganda Certificate of Education examinations was high indicating that well-spaced desks in the classroom had positive effects on students’ academic performance in the Uganda Certificate of Education examinations. The study has further indicated that there was no significant relationship between secondary school’s academic based rewarding mechanisms and students’ academic performance in Uganda Certificate of Education examinations. In conclusion, quality of disciplinary management measures and physical facilities play an important role in the improvement of students’ academic performance.Item The Effects of the Food Crisis on the Livelihoods of Northern Uganda Residents.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Opio, Michael AmbroseOPIO MICHAEL AMBROSE (2006-M033-10009) The Effects of the Food Crisis on the Livelihoods of Northern Uganda Residents The specific objectives of this research were; a) to assess the main causes of the food crisis, b) to examine the effects of the food crisis on the livelihoods of northern Uganda residents, and c) to document how northern Uganda residents were copying with the effects of the food crisis. This research covered ten northern Uganda districts. The sample population was one hundred twenty respondents; of these, twenty were key informants, seventy responded to questionnaires and thirty were questionnaire non-responses. The researcher used documentary alongside questionnaire and key informant interviews; and was thus able to validate data gathered from various sources by cross referencing conflicting information from one source with another. The main causes of the food crisis included harvest failures as a result of climate change, increased bio fuel demand, and growing world population. While the major effects of the food crisis included hunger, starvation, and in worst cases death, riots, school drop outs, and poverty. Northern Uganda residents should capitalise on their comparative advantage and produce excess food for sale in the national and regional markets. The government should increase investments and promote innovative research in the agriculture sector and support northern Uganda residents to build sustainable livelihoods. Key words: Livelihood, Food, CrisisItem The Role of Support Groups in Managing Stigma and Discrimination among HIV Positive Children in Uganda: A Case Study of Support Groups in Mildmay Centre.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Namuzimbi, Cissy LubogoNAMUZIMBI CISSY LUBOGO (2008-M092-20086) The Role of Support Groups in Managing Stigma and Discrimination among HIV Positive Children in Uganda: A Case Study of Support Groups in Mildmay Centre Children living with HIV are subjected to prejudice, discrimination and hostility related to stigmatisation of AIDS. They are unable to interact freely with other children and adults due to existing social constructs about HIV/AIDS which create stigma and discrimination. This study examines the role of support groups in managing stigma and discrimination among HIV positive children in Uganda. The objectives of the study were; to examine the forms and causes of stigma among HIV positive children, to analyse the strategies used by support groups and assess the challenges faced by support groups for children living with HIV/AIDS. A descriptive qualitative case study design was used to examine the forms and causes of HIV stigma in children, strategies used to manage stigma within support groups and challenges support groups for HIV positive children face. The methods of data collection were Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews. There were 7 FGDs conducted with 55 HIV positive children and 10 Key Informants. Documents were also reviewed to supplement key research findings. Major documents reviewed included journals, research publications, reports and newspaper articles. These were a source of information for the literature review. The data were presented and analysed according to the major themes in the study. The themes were developed in relation to the objectives of the study and research questions. The data were put on a tape recorder then later transcribed, edited, coded manually and analysed. The findings from the study revealed that support groups for children living with HIV only give temporary relief from stigma. Coping with stigma is only possible in the presence of fellow HIV positive children. This is due to the fact that support groups for children living with HIV are not inclusive of HIV negative children. Secondly belonging to a support group is itself stigmatising because it is one way through which people in the community can identify children living with HIV. On that note, therefore, support groups for children living with HIV should embark on life skills training to empower children to live positively in a wider community. Key words: Groups, Stigma, Support, HIV, Discrimination, ChildrenItem Child Labour and Pupils’ Academic Performance: A Case Study of Selected Primary Schools of Nyendo-Ssenyange Division in Masaka District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Namugerwa, VeronicaNAMUGERWA VERONICA (2008-M092-30033) Child Labour and Pupils’ Academic Performance: A Case Study of Selected Primary Schools of Nyendo-Ssenyange Division in Masaka District This study set out to establish how child labour affects pupils‟ academic performance in selected primary schools of Nyendo-Ssenyange division in Masaka district. The study was guided by three research objectives these were: to establish the causes of child labour in Nyendo-Ssenyange division that affect pupils‟ academic performance, to find out how domestic chores affect pupil’s academic performance in Nyendo-Ssenyange and to examine the extent to which hawking affects pupils‟ academic performance. The findings of the study show that children are subjected to different forms of child labour categorised as domestic chores and commercial child labour. The causes are poverty, breakdown of families, HIV/AIDS, parents‟ perception towards child labour and education. The employers seem less concerned about the children’s academic performance and welfare. The local leaders are concerned just as the policy implementers about child labour and pupils‟ academic performance but seem to be hindered by limited resources and determination to affect action. The researcher concluded that the major forms of child labour that affect academic performance are domestic chores and commercial informal work and the causes are poverty, HIV/AIDS, parents’ attitude towards child labour and education and family breakups. The researcher recommends that there is need to strengthen the inspectorate at national and local levels financially. In addition, there is need to eliminate domestic chores and hawking for pupils. This can be done through the relevant authorities such as the District Probation Officer, District Labour Officer and Assistant Town Clerk. These should undertake concerted efforts to strengthen the labour inspectorate at local levels. Key words: Labour, Child, Performance, AcademicItem Examining Factors Affecting the Integration of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture into Urban Development Plans and Physical Designs: A Case Study of City Planners and Urban Agricultural Practioners in Kampala District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nambuubi, Sarah KimezeNAMBUUBI SARAH KIMEZE (2008-03-MA-PTR-042) Examining Factors Affecting the Integration of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture into Urban Development Plans and Physical Designs: A Case Study of City Planners and Urban Agricultural Practioners in Kampala District Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA) is practiced worldwide in cities of developed and developing countries. An estimated one billion people are engaged in urban agriculture worldwide (UNDP, 1996). Its contributions to urban food security, urban economy and city ecology have been recognised and cannot be underestimated. Until 2006, agriculture in Kampala was prohibitive and, therefore, was not recognised by many policies and planning frameworks. Since its formalisation in 2006 through enactment of the Kampala City Council Urban Agriculture Ordinance – 2006, urban agriculture has remained invisible even within the planning framework of Kampala City Council. One of the challenges faced by UPA is institutionalisation within the diverse urban and national planning frameworks. Urban planners and policy makers often lack information and are challenged with facilitation of the practice for its integration into urban development plans and designs. The study set out to examine the factors that affect the integration of UPA into Kampala District Developmental Plans and Designs. It examined the practice of UPA within Kampala District, identified the role of UPA in the development of the city, established factors that influence the integration of UPA into Kampala District/City development plans and designs and identified the potential strategies for integrating UPA into urban development plans and designs. A case study design was chosen because the focus of the study was on Kampala City Council as an institution. The study was purely qualitative because it sought to deeply understand the various factors at play responsible for the integration of UPA into urban plans and designs, this required lengthy discussions. Document review, key informant interviews with Kampala District and national level stakeholders, and focus group discussions and in depth interviews with farmers were used. The study area was Kampala District (Banda and Komamboga parishes) under three categories. The findings revealed the independent and uncoordinated planning system of Kampala City Council that limits networking and collaboration across the different departments to allow harmonisation of activities for implementation. UPA has, therefore, remained an issue of the responsible department and development of this sub-sector is becoming a challenge. The findings also revealed the lack of knowledge and the negative attitude of some city authorities on UPA is a serious hindering factor to the institutionalisation of UPA within the Kampala City Council planning and budgetary framework. Several factors at play include: lack of political will, limited information on urban agriculture to guide planning, non-recognition of UPA by numerous policies and absence of a national urban agriculture policy. The possibility of institutionalising UPA within the planning system of KCC is mainly constrained by the negative attitude of the practioners about the practice. There is need for awareness creation of the diverse stakeholders on the magnitude and on the socio-economic contribution of UPA. Kampala City Council (KCC) needs to shift from the disintegrated planning to integrated participatory planning processes to enable institutionalisation of UPA within its planning and budget framework processes. Key words: Urban, Peri-Urban, Integration, Plans, DevelopmentItem Effects of Performance Demands on Students’ Morals in Formal Education in Masaka Municipality Secondary Schools.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nalyanzi, RestytutaNALYAZI RESTYTUTA (2008-MO92-30032) Effects of Performance Demands on Students’ Morals in Formal Education in Masaka Municipality Secondary Schools. This research is about the effects of performance demands on students‟ morals in formal education in Masaka municipality secondary schools. Formal education is supposed to groom morally upright students to fit the communities they belong to. Unfortunately the learned population and the students of the current system despise and demean or they are uncomfortable with it. The objectives of this research were; to identify the performance demands that affect the students‟ morals in formal education, establish who sets the performance demands in formal education, and find out the actual effects of the performance demands in formal education. These objectives were achieved by assessing some of the activities involved in the learning process. The researcher used a case study design which was majorly qualitative with some elements of a quantitative approach. The researcher administered questionnaires that were used to collect data from 83 respondents which were supplemented by information from two focus group discussions together with two key informants. The results of the study showed that the performance demands in formal education had had an adverse effect on the students‟ morals. Despite this fact, some students seem to be benefiting and find formal education and its demands the only answer to the problem Masaka municipality secondary schools face. According to the information gathered from the field, formal education has played a big part in destroying morals of the students. Formal education should be contextualised to solve Masaka municipality needs. Solutions and remedies to rectify the impeding destruction of the African societal morals amongst the secondary school students were given. Key words: Morals, Education, Formal, Performance, StudentsItem Impact and Challenges of Rural Electrification on the Social-Economic Transformation of Rural Areas in Uganda: A Case Study of Kamonkoli and Budaka Sub-Counties in Budaka District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nalukoobyo, WinifredNALUKOOBYO WINIFRED (2008-M092-20083) Impact and Challenges of Rural Electrification on the Social-Economic Transformation of Rural Areas in Uganda: A Case Study of Kamonkoli and Budaka Sub-Counties in Budaka District. The research sought to assess the impact and challenges of rural electrification on the social-economic transformation of rural areas in Uganda with a case study of Kamonkoli and Budaka sub-counties in Budaka district. The study examined family welfare in the households using electricity, transformation of economic production of local communities, socio-economic transformation of local communities in electrified areas as well as challenges to rural electrification as objectives of the study. The study was based on a cross sectional study design with both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study considered 231 participants in the collection of data who were selected using purposive sampling techniques and simple random sampling. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaire methods and interviews. The data were organised in Ms Excel and then transferred to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 12.0 for purposes of correlations and descriptive results. The relationship between variables was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient as well as gini coefficients to measure the impact of rural electrification on socio-economic welfare of local communities in electrified areas and non-electrified villages. In Budaka village and Kamonkoli village rural electrification has changed the lives of the communities. For instance, there is light in the communities, watching television and the use of electronic domestic appliances in the area compared to non-electrified areas that have remained without electricity but mean results indicate that there is a slight difference in socio-economic welfare. In conclusion, therefore, it was found through statistical results that rural electrification has affected the socio-economic welfare of the local communities in Budaka and Kamonkoli in Budaka district. The recommendations were also highlighted; that there should be dissemination of information on the use of electricity in the communities of Budaka. More people should be involved in the rural electrification process and special credit facilities should be extended to the local people so that they may be able to use electricity. Key words: Electrification, Trans-formation, RuralItem Assessing the Challenges of Beneficiary Participation in Community-Based Projects: A Case Study of Sustainable Agricultural Project by Caritas Lugazi Diocese.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Nakimuli, Florence SsemukyuNAKIMULI FLORENCE SSEBUKYU (2009-M091-10012) Assessing the Challenges of Beneficiary Participation in Community-Based Projects: A Case Study of Sustainable Agricultural Project by Caritas Lugazi Diocese. The study was carried out to assess the challenges of beneficiary participation in community-based projects. The researcher used a case study as a research design. Eighteen farmer groups, the project team at the diocese, District Agricultural Officers, farmer leaders at association and parish level from excelling model farmers in the project were selected by clustering and purposively sampling in order to represent each of the three parishes in Lugazi diocese that have been beneficiaries of the Sustainable Agriculture Project. The research focused on three major questions: What challenges are faced when beneficiaries participate in community-based projects? What is the effect of these challenges on community-based projects? What strategies can be laid to limit encountering these challenges? To round up the above, the researcher collected views from farmer groups in the three beneficiary parishes of the project under investigation, from the project leadership in Caritas Lugazi and other key stake holders; she used semi-structured interview guide, observation and focus group discussion interview guide preceded by stratified and purposive sampling to gather information. The research findings revealed that there is a relation between the management style of the project and challenges encountered from beneficiary participation under community-based projects. It also revealed that there is a relationship between power and participation of beneficiaries. The major effect of this is that the more the power and the more democratic the management style of the project, the more the effective participation of the beneficiaries while the less the challenges of beneficiary participation. The research recommended that for effective participation of the beneficiaries, there is a need to build the capacity of the community and to hand over the stick to the beneficiaries in that the project staff from the implementing agency remain mere catalysts. Key Words: Projects, Community, Sustainable, AgriculturalItem An Assessment of the Sustainability in the Provision of Water and Sanitation Projects in Wakiso District: A Comparative Study of Nsangi and Kakiri Sub-Counties in Wakiso District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakijoba, LillianNAKIJOBA LILIAN (2008-MO92-20081) An Assessment of the Sustainability in the Provision of Water and Sanitation Projects in Wakiso District: A Comparative Study of Nsangi and Kakiri Sub-Counties in Wakiso District. Water and sanitation are such inseparable requisites in life that any attempt to compromise the realisation of such basic needs puts human life to jeopardy. For this matter, many individuals and cooperate actors such as Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and government erect water and sanitation projects to ensure that human kind is not deprived of water and sanitation services. However, in spite of the good will of the actors in erecting water and sanitation projects, it is regrettable that the sustainability of these projects leaves a lot to be desired. This study, thus, embarked to ascertain why sustainability of water and sanitation projects, is a major problem taking a comparative study of Kakiri and Nsangi sub-counties in Wakiso district and guided by the theoretical framework of Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs. The study was informed by both secondary information of similar studies and primary information acquired through field interviews. A comparative research design was used to compare rural and urban settlements in regard with sustainability of water and sanitation projects. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Interviews, observation, were among the data collection techniques used in the study. Secondary information asserted that water and sanitation are not only basic needs but also basic rights, which ought not to be compromised. However, the ideal of realising the basic needs and rights has not been realised for all human beings. As such, the study reveals the role of government and other development partners in realising the right to water and sanitation for all humankind and community effort in sustaining what is provided for them by the government and NGOs. After a critical survey of 12 water sources and interview sessions with 68 respondents, it was realised that sustainability of water and sanitation projects is still a big challenge in communities as most projects collapse barely before they have served 10 years vis-à-vis the ideal of 20 years and beyond. This was attributed to project implementation approaches, mainly paternalism and contracting out, which deprive the actual beneficiaries to participate in the process of erecting projects, thereby reducing the morale of beneficiaries to own results. This study, therefore, recommends a sustainability framework for water and sanitation projects which essentially embraces full participation of the actual beneficiaries in all stages of project development and implementation. This enables them to understand and own the projects erected to their service. As a result they will be socially and morally obliged to safeguard the projects to serve them in the present and future times. Key words: Sanitation, Water, SustainabilityItem Assessing the Effectiveness of Local Councils in Enhancing the Delivery of Quality Primary Education Service: A Case Study of Nakasongola District Local Council.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakalema, SyliviaNAKALEMA SYLVIA (2008-M092-20080) Assessing the Effectiveness of Local Councils in Enhancing the Delivery of Quality Primary Education Service: A Case Study of Nakasongola District Local Council This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the district local council in enhancing the delivery of quality primary education in Nakasongola district. Emphasis was put on the district council‟s participation in planning, accountability, monitoring and monitoring of primary education service in the sub-counties of Nakitoma, Wabinyonyi and Nakasongola Town Council. The study employed a case study design because it gave an in-depth description of the research. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used including key informant interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and documentary review. Quantitative data was tabulated, edited, coded and analysed using excel. Qualitative data was arranged in themes and sub-themes analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that while planning was evident in local councils, there was a limited degree of transparency and accountability, monitoring and supervision of primary education and this affected the quality of education service in the district. The poor performance of education service was also manifested in terms of poor construction work and limited participation of parents in provision of scholastic materials, despite the fact that the rationale for decentralisation was to bring services near to the people. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended that there is a need to improve on local funding sources, encourage community participation in service delivery, building civic competence and creating mechanisms through which public officials could be held accountable. This could lead to improved primary education services delivery. Key Words: Primary, Education, Quality, ServiceItem The Contribution of Vocational Education Training to the Economic Empowerment of Former Street Children: A Case Study of Friends of Children Association Programme in Rubaga, Kampala.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Nakabba, MaryNAKABBA MARY (2008-MO92-20079) The Contribution of Vocational Education Training to the Economic Empowerment of Former Street Children: A Case Study of Friends of Children Association Programme in Rubaga, Kampala This thesis is about the contribution of vocational education training to the economic empowerment of former street children. The study used a case study of Friends of Children Association (FOCA) programme in Rubaga division, Kampala district. The period under consideration for the study was 1997- 2007. The study shows the exact skills FOCA imparts to the children such as vehicle and motorcycle mechanics, welding, hair dressing, tailoring, carpentry and joinery among others. It also looks at how viable and sustainable the skills are to the children and how they have improved their livelihoods. More so, the study looks into the challenges the graduates of FOCA encounter as they try to reintegrate into society. The study indicates that former street children like normal children need to be cared for, if Ugandans are to overcome the plight of street children. The researcher used various methods of data collection that involved interviews with key informants who included FOCA staff, the trainers and the opinion leaders. Focus group discussions with children under training; the snowball tool was used on the graduates of FOCA and above all the naturalistic observation tool was used at all levels. The study found out that the skills imparted to the children are to a large extent viable and sustainable since children chose careers of their interest and some have been able to set up their own workshops. This has greatly improved their livelihoods despite the negative attitude society still holds over them because of their past life on the streets. The study recommends that the government in liaison with Non-Government Organisations should come up with educational policies that prepare former street children with survival skills. They should implement effective integrated support packages which include micro- credit and marketing support. The Government should endeavour to register and provide both moral and financial support to charitable organisations in order to achieve their set objectives, but this calls for a monitoring and evaluation network. Key Words: Education, Vocational, Empowerment, Children, StreetItem The Effectiveness of Mine Action Programmes on the Reintegration Process of Communities in Gulu and Pader Districts, Northern Uganda.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Mwaka, WalterMWAKA WALTER (2006-03-MA-DL-024) The Effectiveness of Mine Action Programmes on the Reintegration Process of Communities in Gulu and Pader Districts, Northern Uganda. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the Mine Action Programme on the reintegration of the community in Northern Uganda. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the different services offered under Mine Action Programme in the reintegration of the communities in Northern Uganda as well as examining people’s participation in the programme. The study also analysed the challenges/obstacles in the implementation of Mine Action Programme and provided viable remedies to improve on its implementation. The researcher used qualitative and quantitative approaches and the analysis of quantitative data was done by the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The sample size of 120 respondents was selected involving various categories of respondents. The study covered Gulu and Pader districts in Northern Uganda. The research findings revealed that the Mine Action Programme contributed substantially in the reintegration of the community in Northern Uganda through different services offered like; Victims‟ Assistance to people who were injured by land mines and other unexploded ordinances, Mine Risk Education through radio programmes and outreach activities including wall painting, use of mine risk educators, plays and t-shirts. Other contributions of Mine Action Programme include Stockpile Destruction as well as Humanitarian Demining and Advocacy for global intervention on issues regarding Land Mines and unexploded ordinances. The study came up with recommendations including; diversifying financial sources, promoting community participation, improving on the aspect of transparency, promoting specialised training on mine action programme and improving on coordination. All these suggestions are seen as the best means to improve mine action programme in Northern Uganda. Key words: Reintegration, CommunitiesItem Contribution of Fiscal Decentralisation on Agricultural Extension Service Delivery in Busiu Sub-County in Mbale District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Mutuwa, Mabonga ReginahMUTUWA MABONGA REGINAH (2008-03 MA-PTR-068) Contribution of Fiscal Decentralisation on Agricultural Extension Service Delivery in Busiu Sub-County in Mbale District Fiscal decentralisation is a recent system of governance with a multi sectoral approach. This study sought to assess the contribution of fiscal decentralisation on agricultural extension service delivery in Busiu sub-county in Mbale district. The study adopted a case study research design in which questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data from officers and staff in the Agriculture Department; local council leaders and farmers in the area of study. The results of the study indicate that majority (92%) of the respondents disagreed that farmers participate in the decision-making process of issues concerning agricultural extension services. The findings further indicated that the majority (88%) of the respondents disagreed that fiscal decentralisation has contributed towards provision of advisory and information services to the farmers in Busiu sub-county. The findings also indicate that there are several challenges that hinder effective implementation agricultural extension service delivery and these include inconsistent release of funds, lack of transparency and failure to involve farmers. The major conclusion of the study was that fiscal decentralisation has had a low contribution towards farmer participation in decision-making on issues of agricultural extension services delivery in Busiu sub-county of Mbale district. The study recommends among other things, that policy makers and administrators in agriculture at various levels should critically plan for capacity building of the members of farmer groups to help them manage and implement programmes in their jurisdiction in a systematic manner. Key words: Decentralisation, Decentralization, Extension, Agricultural, ServiceItem The Goal Housing Support Programme and People’s Standards of Living in Masaka: A Case Study of the Beneficiaries of Housing Support Programme in Bukakata.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Mutumba, GodfreyMUTUMBA GODFREY (2008-M092-30028) The Goal Housing Support Programme and People’s Standards of Living in Masaka: A Case Study of the Beneficiaries of Housing Support Programme in Bukakata. Shelter is a basic necessity, thus, a very important aspect for human survival. This study is about the impact of the Goal Housing Support Programme on people‟s standards of living with a case study of the beneficiaries in Bukakata, Masaka district. The neglect of the housing sector by most policy makers and development partners has resulted into a problem of poor housing and homelessness among the nationals. It was the poor living state of the people in Masaka that prompted Goal to implement the housing programme targeting the poor of the poorest. Upon the works of the programme, the researcher found it necessary to carry out an evaluative research targeting the beneficiaries to analyse the programme’s performance in improving household incomes, housing facilities and health. The study was guided by a theoretical framework which looked at the poor living conditions of the people characterised by homelessness, hunger, poor housing, poor health, lack of security to property, low or no incomes, stigma and lack of access to social amenities. Such conditions called for a solution to which Goal Housing Support Programme (HSP) responded guided by community members, the civil society and local council representatives during a beneficiary identification process. The researcher expected to find improved standards of living in terms of household health, incomes and housing structures. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design in which qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Both random and non-random sampling techniques guided the data collection process. The research also utilised both primary and secondary data sources. The findings indicate that HSP has done a commendable job in improving people’s housing facilities. Through house construction, the health of the occupants greatly improved as lack of shelter proved to be the driver of poor health of the occupants. Health also improved through referrals made by the staff to the service providers who give home-based care to the sick. Incomes only improved in households which had youths trained in construction skills since they are able to find employment. No major income generating activities were introduced to the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries, however, sell off some of the water from their tanks to earn a living, whereas others boast of a conducive working environment given the improved land security ensured by the HSP which was a boost to the farming business. Key words: Standard, Goal, Living, HousingItem Government Funding and Academic Performance of Pupils in Universal Primary Education Schools: A Case Study of Universal Primary Education Capitation Grant, Ibanda Town Council Primary Schools.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Mutabaruka, FredrickMUTABARUKA FREDRICK (2007-MO53-10011) Government Funding and Academic Performance of Pupils in Universal Primary Education Schools: A Case Study of Universal Primary Education Capitation Grant, Ibanda Town Council Primary Schools. In an effort to contribute ideas to the agenda of improving the quality of Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools, a study was carried out to examine government funding and academic performance in universal primary education schools. The study was carried out in Ibanda Town council primary schools, Ibanda district. The main focus of the study was; to evaluate the status of universal primary education in Ibanda Town council primary schools; to identify challenges faced by schools in implementing universal primary education; to identify possible ways how pupils‟ performance can be improved. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to get data from the respondents who were randomly sampled and positively selected. The major findings revealed that government funding greatly influence academic performance in universal primary education schools. It is, therefore, recommended that other stakeholders such as private investors, parents, and foundation bodies become partners with government to address the core requirement of quality education, which is a primary objective of UPE. Key Words: Funding, Primary, Education, Universal, Government, Performance, AcademicItem The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Combating Child Trafficking in Uganda: A Case Study of African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect, Uganda Chapter.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Musinguzi, JustusMUSINGUZI JUSTUS (2007-M043-10006) The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Combating Child Trafficking in Uganda: A Case Study of African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect, Uganda Chapter. The study focused on the role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in combating child trafficking in Uganda which included the direct support role, linkage and brokerage role, protective role, advocacy role and research role. The study also looked at the core causes of child trafficking in Uganda which included; poverty, idleness, corruption, weak law implementation and enforcement, unemployment, modernisation, love for adventure, parental irresponsibility, education, political reasons, low levels of literacy, infertility, lack of religious commitment, laxity in government security, lack of close monitoring by parents, corruption and lack of sensitisation about adoption procedures and processes. The study further looked at the challenges faced in combating the vice which ranged from inadequate information on the side of the public, lack of strict laws on foreigners coming into Uganda, porous and numerous outlets along the Ugandan borders, corruption where some culprits are left to go free as well as poverty. The methods of data collection were both qualitative and quantitative. These included interview guides, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The sampling procedure in the study was purposive sampling which helped to ensure that only those respondents who were knowledgeable and able to provide the desired information were included. The findings of the study recommend that measures such as the use of organisations like churches to reach the masses at the grass roots, creating awareness and sensitisation centres, intensive advertising through the use of Televisions and radios, forming better relations with local people (use of spy networks), use of the principle of synergy where the NGOs work hand in hand with the government and law enforcers, strict laws and sensitisation on adoption procedures. Key words: Trafficking, Combating, Child, Non-government, Organisation, OrganizationItem The Contribution of Religious Institutions to the Development of Rural Communities: A Case Study of the Congregation of the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary in Drajini Sub-County, Yumbe District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Munduru, EmmilyMUNDURU EMMILLY (2009-M091-10008) The Contribution of Religious Institutions to the Development of Rural Communities: A Case Study of the Congregation of the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary in Drajini Sub-County, Yumbe District This study on the contribution of the religious institutions to the development of the rural communities was carried out in Drajini sub-county, Yumbe district with a total of 78 respondents. The study covers the period from 2001 to date. The main objectives of the study are to; investigate the contribution of the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary (BIHM) to the socio-economic development of the rural communities, to assess their contribution to the human resource development, to establish the factors affecting the sustainability of their projects and recommend practical solutions. The researcher employed a case study as a research design. The methods used to obtain data in the study included interviews, self-administered questionnaires, observation, group discussions and secondary data. The significance of the study is that the research report may act as an eye opener to the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary, as a whole and policy makers in the Diocese in particular to refocus the Diocesan development programmes for rural communities and a tool for lobbying for support from other development partners. It came out very clearly from the interaction with the different categories of respondents that the activities of the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary are beneficial to the rural communities of Drajini sub-county. The respondents acknowledged that the following activities/projects had made an invaluable contribution to the socio-economic development of the rural communities of Drajini. These were categorised into those that helped to increase household incomes and those that lifted their social status such as crop production and animal rearing. Agriculture turned out to be the most popular of all the projects with ten (10) of the 18 beneficiaries acknowledging it as an activity/project that helped them to increase their household incomes. Whereas the BIHM founded a number of projects, there are a number of factors inhibiting the sustainability of the projects among which are: poverty, financial constraints, lack of skilled labour lack of commitment of the members of the community groups, lack of drugs for animals, negative attitude of the beneficiaries towards the projects, corruption, lack of genuinely pro people leadership in the community groups and poor loan recovery mechanisms. The study, thus, recommended that in order to sustain the projects, the Brothers of Immaculate Heart of Mary should conduct regular participatory monitoring of the projects together with the beneficiaries and other stakeholders to be able to generate remedial measures before a project collapses totally. Key Words: Religious, Community, Rural, Congregation, ContributionItem Examining the Challenges to Effective Participation of Women in Functional Adult Literacy Programme: A Case Study of Nyakitunda Sub-County, Isingiro District.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Muhwezi, RwabinumiMUHWEZI RWABINUMI (2008-03-MA-PTR-031) Examining the Challenges to Effective Participation of Women in Functional Adult Literacy Programme: A Case Study of Nyakitunda Sub-County, Isingiro District. The study examined the challenges to effective participation of women in Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) programme in Nyakitunda sub-county in Isingiro district with the objectives of finding out the nature of FAL in Nyakitunda sub-county, challenges affecting women’s participation in FAL and the strategies that have been adopted in order to overcome the challenges affecting women’s participation in FAL. The study, therefore, used a diversity of literature such the UNSCO reports, UNDP, World Bank reports and books such Sand Ford et al to support the issues under investigation. Literature was also useful in identifying areas of agreement and disagreement with the study findings so as to be able to come up with valid conclusions and recommendations. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A total of 80 respondents constituted the sample size and this comprised of key informants such as FAL instructors and learners. These were selected by use of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data were collected whereby; primary data were collected by use of interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and observations. On the other hand, secondary data were collected by use of documentary review. This was then analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study found out that FAL in Nyakitunda sub-county has been greatly promoted by the local government. However, most instructors of FAL are volunteers and classes are mostly conducted under the trees with limited instructional materials. As such, women’s participation in FAL in the area is affected by various challenges especially culture, family size and domestic violence. This has, therefore, led to various strategies aimed at promoting women’s participation such as; introduction of vocational skills in lessons promotion to various levels, giving allowances to instructors, bicycles and exchange visits. However, women who have participated in FAL have benefited by being able to read and write, acquiring life skills and awarded certificates after completion. Therefore, the study strongly recommended that the government should seriously consider outreach programmes to attract more learners as well as using various approaches in conducting FAL classes and ensuring that FAL venues are provided with instructional materials and instructors. Key Words: Adult, Functional, Education, Literacy, Women, ProgrammeItem Assessment of the Implementation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Mandate of Protecting and Promoting the Rights of Refugee Children: A Case Study of Nakivale Refugee Settlement.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Muhumuza, AbelMUHUMUZA ABEL (2008-M092-20072) Assessment of the Implementation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Mandate of Protecting and Promoting the Rights of Refugee Children: A Case Study of Nakivale Refugee Settlement The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been given a mandate to provide international protection to refugees and seek permanent solutions to their problems through its statute, adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 1950. Action to protect refugees encompasses all activities that aimed at ensuring the equal access to and enjoyment of the rights in accordance with the spirit of relevant bodies of law. UNHCR protection interventions often include action with an assistance component, including providing non-food items, building infrastructure, schools and providing services such as education, health care and security from violence and exploitation. Despite the UNHCR mandate of protecting refugees, a study conducted by raising voices revealed that girls and boys between 8 and 17 years of age reported experiencing physical, emotional and economical violence as regular features in their lives. Girls described experiencing the constant threat, and common occurrence of sexual violence against them. The study, therefore, assessed the implementation of UNHCR mandate of promoting and protecting the rights of refugee children by answering the following questions: What are the UNHCR interventions that are meant to promote and protect the rights of refugee children in Nakivale refugee settlement? What are the challenges faced by UNHCR in promoting and protecting the rights of children? What strategies are being used in addressing the challenges faced by UNHCR in promoting and protecting refugee children? Through self-administered questionnaires filled by 4 UNHCR staff, focus group discussions with 100 refugee children and interviews with 40 refugee adults living in Nakivale refugee settlement, the respondents gave their experience and views which produced reliable findings with clear indication that various interventions such as education services, health care, international legal standards, child and adolescent development, voluntary repatriation, resettlement, working with children, situational analysis and community mobilisation have been used to protect and promote refugee children’s rights. These interventions have resulted into improved protection and programming, including advocacy, improved partnership and team-working, great engagement with people of concern, improved communication and outreach, awareness of protection risks, domestic violence and sexual exploitation and value for learning by doing. However, it must be concluded that, amidst the interventions made, UNHCR still faces many challenges in its efforts to protect and promote refugee children’s rights among which the major challenges were noted as relief for the victims of gross violations of human rights, poverty and people on the move. This, therefore, limits children’s enjoyment of their rights as refugees since the UNHCR‟s efforts are hampered by the challenges identified. It was recommended that UNHCR should economically empower refugee families to enable them afford to meet the basic necessities of children, bridge communication gap between UNHCR staff and beneficiaries and improve the monitoring system to check whether the services are reaching the expected beneficiaries and track the quality of the provided services. Significantly, UNHCR should negotiate with government to recognise academic credentials from the country of origin of refugee children. Key words: Refugees, Rights, ChildrenItem The Influence of Medium of Instruction on Academic Performance in Lower Primary Schools in Tororo County: A Case Study of Ateso.(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Muhota, Christopher BabiMUHOTA CHRISTOPHER BABI (2008-M092-20071) The Influence of Medium of Instruction on Academic Performance in Lower Primary Schools in Tororo County: A Case Study of Ateso This study on the Influence of Medium of Instruction on the Academic Performance in the Lower Primary Schools in Tororo County had the following specific objectives: To find out the extent to which the use of Ateso as medium of instruction influences pupils‟ academic performance in lower classes of primary schools in Tororo County; to identify the challenges of using Ateso as a medium of instruction in lower primary classes in Tororo county; to generate solutions that overcome the challenges faced when Ateso is used as a medium of instruction in lower classes of primary schools in Tororo County. The research was a case study on Ateso and took a quantitative and qualitative design. It was carried out in the selected schools of Tororo County. A sample size of 312 was selected using stratified sampling techniques and included pupils of primary four, teachers of primary one to three and the Head teachers. The data were collected using achievement tests (in Ateso and English) and questionnaires presented to pupils and (Head) teachers respectively. The data from the achievement tests was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer programme while that from the questionnaires were analysed manually. The findings from this study indicated that pupils obtained low scores in the achievement tests of reading and numeracy, each written both in Ateso and English. The overall scores in all the achievement tests by pupils were lower in Ateso than in English. Some challenges faced during the use of Ateso as a medium of instruction included lack of understanding of pupils‟ mother tongue and lack of reference materials related to Ateso in schools. The solutions suggested to overcome some of the challenges above included the provision of reference materials, organising refresher courses for (Head) teachers. Last but not least, the (Head) teachers should be deployed according to the needs of the schools. In conclusion, Ateso did not lower or raise the academic performances of pupils of schools. Some factors are responsible for the nature of academic performance of pupils. The use of Ateso language faces challenges in schools as seen above. Those challenges must be addressed urgently using the suggested solutions above. Recommendations include: Another study of this kind should be carried out in the year 2012 using the same pupils, who will be in primary six so as to establish their academic performance and then, compare those results with the academic performance of their predecessors in that class who learned using English in the lower primary. Furthermore, the challenges experienced during the use of Ateso as a medium of instruction in the lower primary schools, for example, the lack of reference materials and others should be addressed by the stakeholders in education so as to help to improve on the academic performance of pupils in this area. The stakeholders include the parents, pupils, teachers, District Education Officers and others. The head teachers, deputy head teachers and teachers should be facilitated to have refresher courses related to Local Language use in schools that are organised by the Permanent Secretary in Ministry of Education and Sports and facilitated by PTC staff like CCTs. Key words: Instruction, Medium, Academic, Primary, Perfomance