Post-Graduate Dissertations (Education)

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Deforestation and Livelihoods-Examining the Effects of Deforestation on Rural Livelihoods: A Case study of Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2003) Tumwesigye, Anthony K.
TUMWESIGYE .K. ANTHONY (2003-MA-DL-035) Deforestation and Livelihoods-Examining the Effects of Deforestation on Rural Livelihoods: A Case study of Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District. Deforestation means reduction or loss of the biological and economic productivity of forests and woodlands resulting from land use or a combination of processes arising from human activities. Forests are important habitats for biodiversity and provide crucial eco-system services in terms of soil and watershed protection and the economic value of the numerous products and services they provide. Worldwide, 1.6 billion people depend on forests to some extent while over 60 million indigenous people depend directly on forests for their survival. However, forests are under pressure due to deforestation. Uganda‟s forest cover has halved during the past century, and currently is shrinking at a rate of 55,000 hectares per year (FAO, 2004).The loss of forested areas upsets soil-water relations, contributes to global warming, brings erosion, and lowers water quantity and quality which affects human health. People gather medicinal plants, fuel wood and derive food from the forests to support their livelihoods hence the loss of these habitats leads to a lower quality of life. Despite these effects, no factual information is readily available about the effects deforestation on the livelihoods of the local communities, in this case in Maliba sub-county. This study set out to determine the impact of deforestation on the livelihoods of local communities in the sub-county. It focused on the causes of deforestation and its effects, challenges of combating deforestation and possible mitigation measures. The study found out that forests are a source of products such as firewood for domestic use and sale, poles for construction, charcoal mainly for sale, food (fruits, honey and mushrooms), medicinal plants, game meat and hand craft materials. More still, forests provide employment and protect soil from erosion, increase soil fertility and are important for water catchment and tourism, cultural values and climatic amelioration. All these support the livelihoods of the majority of the local communities. Cutting of forests for agricultural expansion, firewood extraction for domestic and industrial uses, pit sawing for timber, and cutting of trees for poles and charcoal are the leading causes of deforestation. Others are poor extension services, corruption and population increase, lack of alternatives to wood resources, over harvesting due to poor planning, poverty, indirect nature of conservation benefits, weak regulation and enforcement of existing laws and policies, urbanisation and industrial growth, and inappropriate processing technologies. Decreased availability of forest products, increased erosion, gullies and bare lands, decreased agricultural production, decrease in water quality and quantity, increased landslides and floods, loss of biodiversity, increased temperatures, and decline in revenues, increased incidences of diseases, increase in prices of the forest products are some of the effects of deforestation that negatively impact on the livelihoods of the local communities in the sub-county. The study recommends empowering of National Forestry Authority and District Forestry Services, by government and conservation organisations to implement policies and plans through capacity building and provision of adequate resources, promotion of alternatives, sustainable utilisation, promotion of alternative sources of income, and linking the agencies to carbon markets for more funds as some of the mitigation measures to combat the effects of deforestation on local communities‟ livelihoods. Key Words: Deforestation, Rural Livelihoods, Kasese District.
Partnership between Public and Private Sector in Achieving Excellence in Service Delivery: A Case Study of a Partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and Local Community in Katakwi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2004) Onyait, Francis Micheal
ONYAIT FRANCIS MICHAEL (2004-M093-10044) Partnership between Public and Private Sector in Achieving Excellence in Service Delivery: A Case Study of a Partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and Local Community in Katakwi District. The purpose of this study is to investigate the partnership between Public and Private Sector in achieving excellence in service delivery. A case study is drawn from the partnership between Local Government, ActionAid International and the local community in Katakwi district. The specific objectives for the study included: to establish the extent to which the partnership between ActionAid International, Katakwi district local government and local communities has improved the delivery of services in Katakwi district; to examine the factors that are important drivers and interrupters of service delivery in the partnership between ActionAid International, the local government and the local community in Katakwi district. The main findings and conclusions from the study are: Overall, ActionAid International (AAI) is significantly narrowing the infrastructure deficit and food insecurity in Katakwi district which has improved greatly since 1997. There is evidently a joint partnership arrangement between AAI, Katakwi district local government and communities in the five subcounties of Ngariam, Magoro, Omodoi, Toroma and Kapujan. There is no published Public Private Partnership (PPP) policy in Uganda. The AAI programme has a weak Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy in most of the interventions. There was a tendency of AAI interventions to emphasise on the hardware bit and little attention was done on the software, management and ownership issues. The staff and policy makers at both the district and sub-counties do not have any continuous source of up to date information on the strategies and most interventions of AAI despite the presence of the partnership arrangement. It was physically evident that, the poverty level among the majority of Katakwi district rural populations was still very high. Key Words: Partnership, Public and Private Sector, Service Delivery, Local Government, ActionAid International, Local Community, Katakwi District.
An Evaluation of the Role of Loans in Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Survey of Selected Women Entrepreneurs in Nyendo–Senyange Division, Masaka Municipality.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Masaba, Tom
MASABA TOM (2006-M033-10021) An Evaluation of the Role of Loans in Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Survey of Selected Women Entrepreneurs in Nyendo–Senyange Division, Masaka Municipality The objective of this study was to evaluate the role microfinance loans play in developing women’s entrepreneurial capacity. The reason for undertaking the study was to find out why, in spite of the existence of numerous microfinance institutions that dispense micro loans, women’s entrepreneurial capacities were still dismal. The study involved the principle of purposive sampling among women who had borrowed loans from microfinance institutions as well as loans officers in the respective institutions. The study was guided by research objectives, and the questionnaire method was applied in data collection. Tables, frequencies, percentages, bar graphs and pie charts were used in data analysis. The findings indicated that Women’s groups are a foundation on which to build capacity for their entrepreneurship and the challenge of having to recover defaulters‟ loans are an opportunity that ensures the women are vigilant and responsible borrowers. Microfinance institutions are commercial entities that are not concerned about women’s entrepreneurship and thus they have not instituted any measures to enhance entrepreneurial capacity among women. High interest rates and unsustainable conditionalities stand in the way of women’s entrepreneurial advancement. In recommendation, microfinance institutions should design novel products including asset financing, agricultural loans and training in business management skills as they encourage women’s groups to build their entrepreneurial capacity. Microfinance institutions should discourage financing retail trade and instead encourage their women clients to venture into novel businesses where competition is not so stiff. Microfinance institutions ought to ease lending conditions by scrapping spousal consent, signing land transfer forms and demand for handling costs. The Ministry of Gender needs to carry out regular surveys to monitor the implementation of policies in support of gender mainstreaming and advocate for the enactment of the Domestic Relations Bill. Key words: Loans, Women, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship
Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Twemerimana, Jolly
TWEMERIMANA JOLLY (MADS 2006-MO33-10011) Assessing the Challenges Faced by Non-Governmental Organisations in their Contribution towards Education: A Case Study of Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster. The study is about challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contribution towards education taking a case study Compassion International Masaka Cluster. There are many non-governmental organisations in Uganda offering different services to supplement what the government is doing and Compassion International is one of them. However, much as these non-governmental organisations have tried their best still they are not successfully achieving their intended objectives. Therefore, the study was carried out to find out the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations in their contributions towards education. A case study taken was Compassion International in Masaka Cluster. We looked at the activities carried out by compassion international in Uganda and Masaka in particular and the challenges the organisation encounters in service delivery. The objectives of the study were to assess the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations; to assess the educational needs of the compassion International Beneficiaries; to assess the role played by Compassion International towards education service provision and remedies to these challenges The study employed a case study of Compassion International Masaka Cluster to assess challenges met as they contribute towards Education. Qualitative and Quantitative methods of data collection were used where the interview guides were employed and data were analysed. The findings of the study were that: there is insufficient funding; beneficiaries leave schools without completion; much work with little pay; ignorance of some beneficiaries; de-motivated staff; and remote controlled policies among others. On the beneficiaries side, there are also challenges that hinder them from benefiting fully from Compassion International simply because their parents/care givers do not have enough funds to top up on what the organisation has offered them and they end up not successfully completing their studies. In conclusion, Compassion International should always involve field workers and the beneficiaries in the policy making process because they are the ones on the ground and they are more informed about what is suitable for them. Key Words: Non-Governmental Organisations, Education, Compassion International Uganda, Masaka Cluster.
Translating Uganda’s Child Labour Policy to fight Hazardous Child Labour in Laroo Division of Gulu District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Lagen, Marjorie Judith; Lagen, Marjorie Judith
LAGEN MARJORIE JUDITH (2006-03-MA-DL-021) Translating Uganda’s Child Labour Policy to fight Hazardous Child Labour in Laroo Division of Gulu District This research was conducted with the primary aim of finding out how the community of Laroo division has translated Uganda’s child labour policy into practice to fight hazardous work in which children are involved. The policy, which was adopted in 2006, emphasises community empowerment in fighting child labour. In order to find out how the community can be empowered to fight hazardous child labour in the division, this research focused on the following key research questions; Who according to the community can be defined as a child? What are the different types of child labour in the division? What are the causes of child labour in the division? What are the consequences of child labour on the children in Laroo division? What are the steps the community suggests in fighting child labour in the division? Qualitative methods of data collection were employed in data collection using semi-structured interview guides. However, a questionnaire was also used to provide more insight into the work status of children involved in child labour, from the perspective of the children and the division leadership. The findings from data analysed show that in Laroo division, there are a number of child labour activities that children are involved in and these include: child prostitution, brick making, selling water, stone quarrying, roadside petty trade, car washing, providing casual labour, and fetching firewood for sale. Both boys and girls are involved in child labour activities but differences emerge in some activities like child prostitution where girls are heavily involved and also brick making where girls fetch the water for sale, while boys engage in the brick making. The major reasons why children are involved in child labour, range from the need to meet food/basic needs, learning the trade, payment of school dues to parental negligence. The suggested recommendations to fight child labour in the division focus on empowering households to generate enough income to sustain themselves through access to micro credit opportunities, and provision of scholarship opportunities for vulnerable children. Key words: Labour, Child
Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ndoleriire, Kyomuhendo Patrick
NDOLERIIRE KYOMUHENDO PATRICK (2006-M092-10006) Challenges Batwa Face in Formal Education: A Case Study of Kigezi Sub-Region, Uganda. This dissertation presents findings and recommendations on challenges the Batwa, a minority group in Kigezi sub-region of Uganda, face in formal education. With a focus on primary and secondary levels, the researcher set out to better understand the challenges the Batwa face. Formal education is looked at as both a human right and a development issue for the Batwa. The Batwa are believed to be indigenous to the forests in the Great Lakes Region but in Uganda they were evicted from the forests in favour of biodiversity conservation. Up to 40% live as squatters paying their land lords through labour. While some do manual work to earn a days‟ meal for the family, others live by begging. Only a handful can read or write. Many, especially the youth, have taken to drug abuse. The study was guided by the following research questions: What are the challenges faced by the Batwa in formal education? Does the formal education system suit the Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region? And can formal education facilitate well-being of the Batwa? Much as the formal education system in Uganda is criticised for irrelevancy to the context, without it the Batwa will remain excluded from development frameworks for generations which undermines their realisation of other human rights and poverty eradication initiatives. Based on field findings and analyses, recommendations to address the challenges, and make Batwa girls and boys participate in and benefit from formal education, will be made. The dissertation progressively introduces the situation of the Batwa in the region, gives a statement of the problem and objectives of the research. This is followed by research methodology and the conceptual framework. The concluding section contains analyses of data, conclusion and recommendations to address the challenges. The data were obtained from 72 self-administered questionnaires, 12 focus group discussions and 9 one-to-one interviews. The challenges are associated with a household such as lack of food, shelter, educational materials; personalities such the Batwa negative attitudes towards formal education; the discriminatory environment; and the inappropriate education system, as well as lack of role-models and support by parents. The reflective participatory methodology employed by the study, involved both the Batwa as rights holders, and duty bearers. Both are critical players if Batwa boys and girls in the Kigezi sub-region are to overcome their challenges in formal education. This approach was useful and led respondents to question what could be done to address the situation. Indeed CARE International in Uganda, where the researcher worked at the time, was developing a project proposal aimed at addressing some of the challenges. The author recommends integrated approaches to addressing the challenges, because all are inter-linked, and reinforce one another. The government of Uganda invests heavily in formal education, yet Batwa in the Kigezi sub-region hardly benefit. The researcher recommends affirmative action for the Batwa and resettlement by government as a long term strategy to address the plight of the Batwa. Of critical importance is the need to address the discriminatory tendencies among the majority ethnic groups as this stretches from home, community, to school and local decision making processes; as well as orienting Batwa attitude to embrace formal education. Until Batwa families in the sub-region appreciate and are able to support their children in formal education, and the children have sustained interest in formal education, other efforts will not yield much. The families should be able to meet their physiological needs of food, shelter, clothing, and specifically sanitary requirements for girls. Key Words: Formal Education, Kigezi Sub-Region.
Child Labour and School Drop-out Rates: A Case Study of Selected Primary schools in Kobulubulu Sub-County, Kaberamaido District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ochung, Moses Mathew
OCHUNG MOSES MATHEW (2006-M053-10009) Child Labour and School Drop-out Rates: A Case Study of Selected Primary schools in Kobulubulu Sub-County, Kaberamaido District. Vast research has been conducted in the field of child labour. The relationship between child labour and school drop-out rates in rural communities is the area of concern for this report. This has been due to the dynamic nature of child labour activities that go unnoticed in this area and more so in Kobulubulu sub-county of Kaberamaido district. Governments, development partners and international practitioners have made every effort to combat child labour through the provision of Universal Primary Education, incentives like bursaries, scholarships, poverty alleviation programmes like NUSAF, PMA, micro finance institutions, etc but not much has been achieved and yet we are moving towards 2015, the evaluation year of the EFA and MDGs. The reviewed literature provides loopholes in implementation of these programmes as people‟s attitudes have not changed. The study used a case study research design. The study established the perception of the community on the education system, coping strategies and the enforcement of existing laws. A total of 100 respondents were interviewed altogether. Both simple random and purposive sampling procedures were used. Questionnaires were administered to technical staff within Kaberamaido district while interview guides were conducted with the community respondents. To compare data, Pupils Attendance Registers (PAR) forms were analysed for Kalyamese and Akwalakwala Primary schools. The objectives were so helpful to achieve the desired effects of child labour on school drop-out. This research has revealed salient findings among which are: The communities are aware of child work and where the children work. They know who employs these children and the actual numbers of children who have dropped out from school. Poverty is the major contributory factor to child labour amidst structural irregularities that are still in the communities. The education system is not beneficial to the plight of the children evidenced by teachers‟ ignorance on the importance of registers in schools. There is massive violation of children‟s rights and responsibilities as children are taken as cheap labour and do not enjoy the protection of adults. Traditional safety nets have broken down leaving many child-headed families. The parents/guardians have failed in their role of sending the children to school and summarily this study assures us that child labour is a result of dropping out of school not a cause. The community‟s knowledge and understanding of child labour is paramount in its elimination. The following recommendations have been proposed: massive sensitisation of communities by the community-based services of the district through the media and community meetings. Enforcement of existing laws and communities are encouraged to promote self-assurance through involvement in activities that enable them cope with situations of need. The education sector should provide surveillance mechanisms to enhance early tracking of children at risk of dropping out. Key Words: Child Labour, School Drop-out Rates, Primary schools, Kaberamaido District.
The Effects of the Food Crisis on the Livelihoods of Northern Uganda Residents.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Opio, Michael Ambrose
OPIO MICHAEL AMBROSE (2006-M033-10009) The Effects of the Food Crisis on the Livelihoods of Northern Uganda Residents The specific objectives of this research were; a) to assess the main causes of the food crisis, b) to examine the effects of the food crisis on the livelihoods of northern Uganda residents, and c) to document how northern Uganda residents were copying with the effects of the food crisis. This research covered ten northern Uganda districts. The sample population was one hundred twenty respondents; of these, twenty were key informants, seventy responded to questionnaires and thirty were questionnaire non-responses. The researcher used documentary alongside questionnaire and key informant interviews; and was thus able to validate data gathered from various sources by cross referencing conflicting information from one source with another. The main causes of the food crisis included harvest failures as a result of climate change, increased bio fuel demand, and growing world population. While the major effects of the food crisis included hunger, starvation, and in worst cases death, riots, school drop outs, and poverty. Northern Uganda residents should capitalise on their comparative advantage and produce excess food for sale in the national and regional markets. The government should increase investments and promote innovative research in the agriculture sector and support northern Uganda residents to build sustainable livelihoods. Key words: Livelihood, Food, Crisis
The Effectiveness of Mine Action Programmes on the Reintegration Process of Communities in Gulu and Pader Districts, Northern Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Mwaka, Walter
MWAKA WALTER (2006-03-MA-DL-024) The Effectiveness of Mine Action Programmes on the Reintegration Process of Communities in Gulu and Pader Districts, Northern Uganda. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the Mine Action Programme on the reintegration of the community in Northern Uganda. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the different services offered under Mine Action Programme in the reintegration of the communities in Northern Uganda as well as examining people’s participation in the programme. The study also analysed the challenges/obstacles in the implementation of Mine Action Programme and provided viable remedies to improve on its implementation. The researcher used qualitative and quantitative approaches and the analysis of quantitative data was done by the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The sample size of 120 respondents was selected involving various categories of respondents. The study covered Gulu and Pader districts in Northern Uganda. The research findings revealed that the Mine Action Programme contributed substantially in the reintegration of the community in Northern Uganda through different services offered like; Victims‟ Assistance to people who were injured by land mines and other unexploded ordinances, Mine Risk Education through radio programmes and outreach activities including wall painting, use of mine risk educators, plays and t-shirts. Other contributions of Mine Action Programme include Stockpile Destruction as well as Humanitarian Demining and Advocacy for global intervention on issues regarding Land Mines and unexploded ordinances. The study came up with recommendations including; diversifying financial sources, promoting community participation, improving on the aspect of transparency, promoting specialised training on mine action programme and improving on coordination. All these suggestions are seen as the best means to improve mine action programme in Northern Uganda. Key words: Reintegration, Communities
Factors Affecting Tutors’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies: A Case Study of Mukuju Core Primary Teachers’ College.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ogot, Owino Joe Alfred
OGOT OWINO JOE ALFRED (2006-MO93-10050) Factors Affecting Tutors’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies: A Case Study of Mukuju Core Primary Teachers’ College. This study assessed the factors that affect the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the classroom by tutors and students. It sought to investigate and establish the factors that influence the integration of computer knowledge in teaching and learning by tutors after Primary Teachers‟ Colleges were equipped with computers and tutors were trained in their use during the two Phases of Connect ED project between 2000 and 2005. Literature related to factors affecting use of ICTs in the classroom was reviewed. The study was conducted through a case study; data was collected in June 2010, using a questionnaire from 153 staff and student teachers purposively and randomly selected respectively from the available population and using a focus group discussion of 12 tutors purposively selected, analysed using themes and MS Excel, and presented in tables and pie charts. The study established that; competence of tutors and students, level of knowledge of the new tools and technologies of education, tutor‟s and students‟ attitudes, lack of Internet, and inappropriate resources affect the integration of ICT in teaching and learning, and tutors‟ and students networking with tutors and/or students from other countries. The study concluded that a number of factors affected the use of ICT by tutors for teaching and learning. It recommended that tutors and students should be trained and/or retrained in the use of the basic computer applications to enable them gain competence in computer literacy and in using computers as medium for learning and for teaching; that computers should be installed in institution libraries and classrooms or in subject rooms in addition to having them in the computer laboratory; that a lot of information should be provided to students and to tutors on computer, its benefits and limitations in order to help them cultivate favourable attitudes towards computers; that computer studies should be integrated in the national curricular; and that the Faculty of Teacher Education in Kyambogo University should teach ICT as an applied subject to prepare their products for the teaching profession. Key Words: Tutors, Information and Communication Technologies, Mukuju Core Primary Teachers’ College.
The Attitude of the Business Community towards Interest Rates on Borrowing Loans in Ugandan Commercial Banks: A Comparative Study of Stanbic and Centenary Branches in Bushenyi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Rwalinda, Emmanuel
RWALINDA EMMANUEL (2006-M043-10001) The Attitude of the Business Community towards Interest Rates on Borrowing Loans in Ugandan Commercial Banks: A Comparative Study of Stanbic and Centenary Branches in Bushenyi District The main objective of this study was to establish the attitude of the business community towards interest rates charged by Stanbic and Centenary commercial bank branches on borrowing loans in Bushenyi district. It was motivated by the generally high interest rates on borrowing loans and competition for clients. Specifically, the study sought to assess the impact of high interest rates on borrowing loans, the attitudes of the business community towards interest rate charged on borrowing loans and the performance of businesses that borrow from commercial banks. During the study, a total of 74 respondents were consulted. A cross sectional research design was used and primary data were collected through interviews. Data collected were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. The findings revealed that although interest rates charged by commercial bank branches in Bushenyi were high for borrowing loans, they were competitive between banks in the area. The high interest rates did not enable entrepreneurs to earn high profits, were a disincentive to borrowing, didn‟t encourage quick loan repayment, had contributed to collapse of many businesses and were generally unfavourable for business expansion. Besides, borrowing loans had an insignificant impact on the performance of businesses that borrowed funds from both commercial banks. In conclusion, high interest rates charged on loans led to a negative attitude of the business community towards demand for loans in both Stanbic and Centenary commercial bank branches in Bushenyi district. Lastly, the study recommends that commercial banks should consider revising interest rates they charge on borrowing loans, hold more sensitisation seminars and workshops intended to educate the business community about bank operations and proper planning for loans by the intending borrowers as well as reducing on the value of collateral security required from loan borrowers among others. Key Words: Business Community, Interest Rates, Loans, Commercial Banks Stanbic and Centenary Branches, Bushenyi District.
The Effectiveness of Universal Primary Education in Enhancing the Quality of Education in Uganda: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Masereka, Eric
MASEREKA ERIC (2006-M053-10014) The Effectiveness of Universal Primary Education in Enhancing the Quality of Education in Uganda: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Maliba Sub-County, Kasese District The study aimed at finding out the effectiveness of Universal Primary Education (UPE) in enhancing the quality of Education. A sample size of 150 participants was randomly selected. The data were qualitatively collected using questionnaires and interview guides for head teachers, teachers, pupils, parents, School Management Committee (SMC), Parents Teachers Association (PTA), District Education Officer (DEO), Local Council (LC1s), Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) and mass media. The data were collected and quantitatively presented using descriptive tables and analysed in percentages. The findings indicated that the UPE programme is still inadequate. Most stakeholders are not aware of the UPE guidelines on policy, roles and their responsibilities and some stakeholders are not willing to participate in the UPE policy voluntarily and the quality of learning in UPE schools is still lacking. This negatively affects the quality of education. The study recommended that, for UPE to be adequate, head teachers, teachers, parents, pupils, SMC, PTA, DEO, LCs, and NGOs should participate willingly in its implementation. Head teachers should avail UPE accountabilities and any other information on UPE funds to the relevant stakeholders in order to promote transparency. Besides various challenges, teachers ought to participate more in the management of classes in UPE schools. Lastly government should improve the remuneration of teachers in UPE schools. Key words: Primary, Universal, Education, Quality, Effectiveness
The Impact of Universal Primary Education on Rural Development in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Kyomugisha, Agatha
KYOMUGISHA AGATHA (2006-MO93-10044) The Impact of Universal Primary Education on Rural Development in Uganda This study examines the impact of Universal Primary Education on rural development in Uganda by looking at the evolution of Uganda’s universal primary educational set up as a basis for appropriate analysis. The main objectives of the study are to explore and assess the impact of the evolution, role and challenges of universal primary education on rural development. The study analyses the variables which determine the impact of Universal Primary Education on rural development and proposes the required improvements in the prevailing gaps in Uganda. The study was carried out by collecting data and information through desk research by reading, compiling and analysing the collected information from various writers. The main sources of information included books, pamphlets, manuals, journals, reports of commissions, newspapers, website information and other useful sources on universal primary education and development. The information obtained from the secondary sources was compiled, analysed and presented to identify how Universal Primary Education impacts on rural development. A number of findings from the study indicate that the education set up in Uganda has not caused the desired form of rural development due to its inappropriate evolution and design. This problem stems from the colonial set up of the education system in Uganda that did not transmit the correct values and skills needed for the rural society. The research findings propose a major reform in Uganda’s universal primary education system to design and run programmes that are in close harmony with other programmes for rural development such as health, food security, agricultural production and community development. The education system should be designed in such a way that it promotes skills relevant to those programmes designed for rural areas. The best universal primary education for Uganda should have a curriculum that is vocational and practical in nature to produce primary graduates that have skills which are designed for rural production other than mere academicians. Key Words: Education, Primary, Rural, UPE, Development, Universal
The Contribution of Community Based-Organisations in Enhancing Community Development in Mpigi District: A Case Study of KACOFA, KASCHA, KACCCA, KAINSUDE, FBA, KACHOBOVENE and GODESEGRO CBO’S in Kammengo Sub-County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Ndibalekera, Margaret
NDIBALEKERA MARGARET (2006-03-MA-DL-026) The Contribution of Community Based-Organisations in Enhancing Community Development in Mpigi District: A Case Study of KACOFA, KASCHA, KACCCA, KAINSUDE, FBA, KACHOBOVENE and GODESEGRO CBO’S in Kammengo Sub-County. The general purpose of this research was to establish and the contribution of Community-Based Organisations (CBO‟S) in promoting community development in Kammengo sub–county. The specific objectives being the need to identify the CBO‟s that operate in Kammengo sub-county and the services they offer; to access the CBO capacity/operational gaps in delivering services and identify the existing CBO challenges in community development work. The methodology used was a case study design due to the fact that it is representative of other areas. It was a social research and, therefore, the researcher used mainly the qualitative research for purposes of knowing the general view of respondents. There was minimal use of the quantitative research approach where a few statistical figures and charts were used. The research was conducted in Kammengo sub-county in Mpigi district in the seven highlighted CBO‟s of KACOFA, KASCHA, KACCCA, KAINSUDE, FBA, KACHOBOVENE and GODESEGRO. The population of the study included; government officials, CBO/ NGO members/staff and community members/ beneficiaries The respondents highlighted that CBO‟s have made a tremendous contribution to promoting community development in Kammengo sub-county through the various programmes and projects they implement. These include: community sensitisation on HIV/AIDS prevention, access to psychosocial support through counselling, home visits to PHA‟s, household inspections leading to improvement on sanitation and hygiene in households. Community initiative to take care of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) through different community care coalitions lead to school enrolment of OVC, provision of scholastic materials ensuring children get sponsorship from within the sub-county and beyond as well as advocacy on child protection. Kammengo community can access medical care at subsidised prices; school drop outs can enrol for vocational training in carpentry, shoe making and brick laying to impart them with life skills and become self-reliant. Some of the summary findings for this research were that, most CBO executive members have only primary level education qualification; no single CBO in Kammengo has ever received funding from the government. Over 47% of the respondents argued that CBO‟s cannot exist without donor funds. A few recommendations were that: government through the district and the local government should support and build capacity of CBO‟s by increasing the budget of functional adult literacy; income generating projects for CBO‟s for purposes of helping them to focus on their goals and objectives as well as sustainability. Key Words: Community Based-Organisations, Community Development, Mpigi District.
Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Agro-input Dealers in Delivering Services to Farmers in Eastern Uganda: A Case Study of Mbale Distric.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Nangulu, Moses
NANGULU MOSES (2006-03-MA-PT-039) Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Agro-input Dealers in Delivering Services to Farmers in Eastern Uganda: A Case Study of Mbale Distric. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the development of rural agro-input dealers in delivering services to farmers in Eastern Uganda and the case study district was Mbale. The study had four objectives: to establish how trends in general characteristics of rural agro-input dealers account in delivering services to farmers, to identify the relationship between suppliers and rural agro-input dealers and how this influences the delivery of services to farmers, to identify rural agro-input dealer market linkages and how these affect delivery of services to farmers, to identify the financial products accessibility and how it influences delivery of services to farmers. The literature provided discussed the independent variables of input dealers and dependent variables of suppliers. The sample population was purposively selected and a sample of 90 respondents was studied. Information was gathered, using a questionnaire, interview guide and observation methods. The data were statistically analysed to determine the correlation between the two variables. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in analysing the problems in the agro-input sector. The SPSS analysis included defining the problem, identifying its causes, and specifying and identifying the input supply requirements that must be met by the agro input system solution then, a report was written. The key findings revealed that a statistically significant relationship existed between rural agro-input dealers and suppliers: affordability, incentives and accessibility of agricultural inputs. The findings also suggest programmes that should be initiated by Non-Governmental Organisations that offer financial credit to input dealers to minimise the high operation costs. Key Words: Rural Agro-input Dealers, Delivering Services, Farmers, Eastern Uganda, Mbale District.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Combating Child Trafficking in Uganda: A Case Study of African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect, Uganda Chapter.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Musinguzi, Justus
MUSINGUZI JUSTUS (2007-M043-10006) The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Combating Child Trafficking in Uganda: A Case Study of African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect, Uganda Chapter. The study focused on the role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in combating child trafficking in Uganda which included the direct support role, linkage and brokerage role, protective role, advocacy role and research role. The study also looked at the core causes of child trafficking in Uganda which included; poverty, idleness, corruption, weak law implementation and enforcement, unemployment, modernisation, love for adventure, parental irresponsibility, education, political reasons, low levels of literacy, infertility, lack of religious commitment, laxity in government security, lack of close monitoring by parents, corruption and lack of sensitisation about adoption procedures and processes. The study further looked at the challenges faced in combating the vice which ranged from inadequate information on the side of the public, lack of strict laws on foreigners coming into Uganda, porous and numerous outlets along the Ugandan borders, corruption where some culprits are left to go free as well as poverty. The methods of data collection were both qualitative and quantitative. These included interview guides, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The sampling procedure in the study was purposive sampling which helped to ensure that only those respondents who were knowledgeable and able to provide the desired information were included. The findings of the study recommend that measures such as the use of organisations like churches to reach the masses at the grass roots, creating awareness and sensitisation centres, intensive advertising through the use of Televisions and radios, forming better relations with local people (use of spy networks), use of the principle of synergy where the NGOs work hand in hand with the government and law enforcers, strict laws and sensitisation on adoption procedures. Key words: Trafficking, Combating, Child, Non-government, Organisation, Organization
Motivation and Teacher Effectiveness in Universal Secondary Education Schools in Yumbe District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Oryema, Florence
ORYEMA FLORENCE (2007-M053-10019) Motivation and Teacher Effectiveness in Universal Secondary Education Schools in Yumbe District. This study was about motivation and teacher effectiveness in Universal Secondary Education (USE) schools in Yumbe district. The main purpose of the study was to investigate motivation and teacher effectiveness in Universal Secondary Education schools in the district. Three objectives were used for the study: to investigate the effect of staff development on teacher effectiveness in universal secondary education schools in Yumbe district; to establish the effect of instructional resource provision on teacher effectiveness in universal secondary education schools in Yumbe District; to investigate the effect of interpersonal relationship on teacher effectiveness in universal secondary education schools in Yumbe district. A descriptive, cross sectional survey design was used for the study because the researcher intended to use the population sample in order to come up with a generalisable result, it was considered time saving and less expensive. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Sample category consisted of head teachers, deputy head teachers, teachers, students, District Education Officer, Inspectors of schools and opinion leaders. The researcher used four methods to solicit information: questionnaires, interviews, documentary analysis and observation. The study concluded that staff development was inadequate due to lack of continuous professional development and capacity building and that it contributed to teacher ineffectiveness in USE schools in Yumbe district; Instructional resource provision and use was inadequate and, therefore, it contributed to teacher ineffectiveness; but there was a good interpersonal relationship between administration and teachers. Hence, it did not contribute to teacher ineffectiveness in USE schools in the district. The study recommends the following: 1) Teachers should be motivated though increase in salaries that determines their attitude towards their work and provision of staff houses to avoid long distances. 2) Enhance staff development through regular workshops, courses and upgrading. 3) Instructional resource provision should be stepped up. 4) Maintain a good interpersonal relationship through free communication, team work, collective planning and regular meetings. Key Words: Motivation, Teacher, Effectiveness, Universal Secondary Education Schools, Yumbe District.
Impact of Community Participation on Effective Sustainable Food Security: A Case Study of World Vision Food Security Project in Bobi Sub-County, Gulu District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Opoka, Robert Freddie
OPOKA ROBERT FREDDIE (2007-M093-10125) Impact of Community Participation on Effective Sustainable Food Security: A Case Study of World Vision Food Security Project in Bobi Sub-County, Gulu District. The research conducted was in Bobi sub-county aimed at investigating the impact of community participation on sustainable food security. The specific objectives of the study were: to assess the impact of community participation on World Vision‟s livelihood food security project, to identify and explain the root causes of the participatory problems at the operational level, and to generate sustainable and viable intervention mechanisms necessary to solve the problems of sustainable community participation for sustainable food security management in Bobi sub-county. The study was conducted through a case study. Participatory methodologies that were both qualitative and quantitative in nature were applied. The sample size was determined using systematic random sampling, simple random sampling, purposive sampling and convenience sampling for food security target beneficiaries, project committees, sub-county leaders and NGOs/CBOs respectively. The study covered 182 respondents. Interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions were the methods used to collect data, which was edited, coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The major findings include age bracket of the majority of community members (72%) which are in the brackets of 15-35 years. If well mobilised, this age bracket can effectively participate in food security interventions. Also, the education level in Bobi sub-county is quite low. Only 31% can effectively read and write in both English and Luo. This limits the level of understanding of farmers especially in trainings and sensitisation. The major recommendations include a thorough reassessment of the existing sustainable food security practices which is needed by the NGOs implementing food security projects in Bobi sub-county. These include food for the hungry, ACDI VOCA, CARITAS and World Vision. This is in regards to measures that should be taken by the community to make food security practices in the sub-county sustainable. In addition, the stakeholders‟ integrated involvement should be strengthened by the management of World Vision food security project. Key Words: Community Participation, Sustainable Food Security, World Vision Food Security Project, Gulu District.
The Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge in Household Food Security in Kiruhura District: A Case Study of Kanoni Sub-County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Mugisha, Richard
MUGISHA RICHARD (2007-M093-10108) The Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge in Household Food Security in Kiruhura District: A Case Study of Kanoni Sub-County This is a study on the relevance of indigenous knowledge in household food security in Kanoni sub-county, Kazo county, Kiruhura district. It addresses the problem faced by the indigenous knowledge used by households in ensuring food security, given the context of land scarcity and the government’s emphasis on the modernisation of agriculture, especially production for the market. Three specific objectives were formulated regarding the place of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in food production in the sub-county; the challenges IK faces in ensuring household food security; and the ways and means of addressing these challenges. The case study strategy was adopted to examine the sub-county as part of a wider semi-arid pastoral ecological zone of south western Uganda, particularly Kiruhura district. Two theoretical frameworks were used to capture both the historicity of IK and the livelihood context in which IK functions to ensure household food security. These frameworks are the hermeneutic theory, which is used to understand traditions, and the sustainable livelihood framework. Literature was reviewed according to the research questions developed from the specific objectives. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews of household heads and other members, food traders and local government officials. Samples were made of both cultivators and cattle-keepers. Data were also gathered through the observation of food production activities and their impact on land and the environment. The interviews were recorded on audio tapes and analysed hermeneutically while observations were recorded through photography and a selection of these photographs are presented as plates in this study. The findings show IK in the sub-county to be a coherent science complete with a worldview, a communitarian ethic towards human beings, and a regard for nature as a being with its own intrinsic value. The IK is more adapted to manage vulnerabilities posed by nature than it is to those posed by the complex socio-economic forces, some of which are global in nature. Government policy and the market in their present forms are the most devastating challenges facing IK. Indigenous people have devised ways and means of addressing some of these challenges. Through this study the researcher has highlighted those responses that place the endogenous worldview at the centre of problem-solving processes while adapting relevant modern forms of production and organisation around this endogeneity. Recommendations have been made to the households, communities, the youth and elite in the sub-county. These are directly responsible for organising and innovating ways and means for improving their communities‟ livelihoods. Recommendations to be applied in a wider but relevant context have been made to the government and the Nkore kingship. Key words: Indigenous, Food, Knowledge
Assessing Community Response to Child Abuse and its Effect on Development.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Otti, Paul
OTTI PAUL (2007-03-MA-PTR-059) Assessing Community Response to Child Abuse and its Effect on Development. According to the African Network for the Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (ANPPCAN- 2003), child abuse is a deliberate action that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to a child. Ahimbisibwe (2010) writing in Saturday Monitor newspaper quotes a police report which mentioned that there were 185 victims of combined cases of child abduction, kidnap, disappearance, trafficking, and sacrifice alone during the period between January and September 2006. It is against this background that the researcher set out to weigh up community‟s response to this vice and its effects on development. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the forms of child abuse; to assess the causes and consequences of child abuse; and to evaluate its effects on development. The concentration of the study was in Kamwokya parish, a Kampala district suburb located in Kawempe division and housing most of the major child rights organizations in the country. These include, Save the Children - Uganda, ANPPCAN, Uganda Child Rights NGO Network (UCRNN), and Action for Children, Straight Talk and Mulago Hospital a national referral hospital. The literature gleaned to guide this study included the works of Goldman et al (2003), Sedlak (1996), Sumba (2003), the information gathered from the National Research Council NRC (2003). The research design employed in this study is a case study design and was preferred by the researcher because of its deep investigative nature of the phenomena. Questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions were the instruments used to collect data from the field. The study confirmed that child abuse exists in different forms such as physical, sexual, neglect and emotional abuse. It is caused by one or a combination of several factors including among them individual, family, parental and environmental factors. The study further revealed that the vice has adverse effects for both the victim and the society; the child‟s emotional, physical and social development is negatively affected while the society pays heavily both directly and indirectly to prevent it from occurring, controlling it or in reversing the effects. 82 The researcher recommends that government through its agencies and ministries tailor tougher laws against the culprits and or implement the already existing ones to heavily punish offenders. The NGO‟s working against child rights need to do more sensitisation using various avenues to reach all concerned parents, guardians, or caretakers. Both government and development partners need to work together with the community to improve the lives of the people living in these slums as one of the ways to reduce the vice of child abuse. Key Words: Community Response, Child Abuse, Development.

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