Post-Graduate Dissertations (Ethics)

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Implementation of Workplace HIV/AIDS Policies in Private Institutions in Uganda: A Case Study of Reproductive Health Uganda and Uganda Telecom Limited
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Oloya, Paul
OLOYA PAUL (2009-M092-20042) Implementation of Workplace HIV/AIDS Policies in Private Institutions in Uganda: A Case Study of Reproductive Health Uganda and Uganda Telecom Limited Recent years have seen the emergence of workplace HIV/AIDS policies in many organisations either as an addition to the main human resource policy or as a standalone policy owing to the sensitivity of the subject matter. Implementation has, however, not been as effective. In this study, I assessed the implementation of Workplace HIV/AIDS policies in private institutions in Uganda, taking Reproductive Health Uganda and Uganda Telecom Limited as case studies. I sought to understand the level to which employees are familiar with their organisations‟ workplace HIV/AIDS policies, if the policies are functional, the implementation challenges and possible recommendations to improve implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies in private organisations. I undertook the study on the basis of the scanty literature available regarding its implementation, functionality and challenges, and I sought possible recommendations to improve implementation. I used mixed strategy specifically employing the case study research design in the assessment. The results show that most employees are only moderately aware of its existence and content; the policies are widely non-functional due to high levels of stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS and no special emphasis being accorded to the policy or the HIV/AIDS positive employees who disclose their status at work, which also constitute the main challenges to its effective implementation. I recommended that more sensitisation should be directed against stigma and discrimination, and more deliberate efforts should be invested in implementing the otherwise very well intentioned workplace HIV/AIDS policies so as to fully harness the potential of the employees living with the scourge. KeyWords: Implementation, Workplace HIV/AIDS Policies, Private Institutions, Reproductive Health, Uganda Telecom Limited.
Factors Affecting Government in the Delivery of Health Services at Wakiso Health Centre, Wakiso District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Wanyana, Sylivia Kajubi
WANYANA SYLIVIA KAJUBI (2010-MO92-20042) Factors Affecting Government in the Delivery of Health Services at Wakiso Health Centre, Wakiso District. The study sought to investigate the factors affecting government in the delivery of health services at Wakiso Health Centre, Wakiso district. Three research questions guided the study; how do government-provided human resources for health affect health service delivery in Wakiso district?; how does the availability of health infrastructure affect health service delivery in Wakiso District?; and, how does government-provided health care consumables and health service delivery in Wakiso district? The study used a cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to collect and analyse data from 185 respondents including 152 patients, care takers and resident members, 20 Village Health Team (VHT) members and 07 medical workers at the health centre as well as 6 key informants using questionnaires, interviews and document analysis techniques. The key informants included District Chairperson LC V, District Health Officer, Chief Health Inspector, Clinical Officer (In charge Health Centre), Town Clerk and the Mayor to provide data. The data collected underwent content analysis in order to obtain descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages where applicable. The study found out that availability of government-provided health personnel greatly influences government‟s effectiveness in the delivery of health services at Wakiso Health Centre in Wakiso town council. This is because since Wakiso health centre was inadequately staffed and lacking competent health personnel, inadequate staff supervision, coupled with poor staff remuneration packages (poor salaries and allowances), there was ineffective health service delivery by government since the doctor-to-patient ratio is overwhelmingly low, leading to patients making long lines to be attended to by a single health worker. This causes unnecessary deaths and complications of rather manageable ailments and diseases among the population. Health care consumables also greatly affected government effectiveness in the delivery of health services at Wakiso Town Council. This is based on the fact that when there is continuous stock out of key essential drugs such as antibiotics and antimalarials like Amoxilin, Zink, Sulphur, and Pain killer tablets such as paracetamol, Ibgrophen, Aspirin among others. There is also poor delivery chain of medicines, absence of mama kits for expectant mothers, lack of sanitary gloves and other essential items, leading to preventable deaths of people, hence impacting negatively on government‟s effectiveness in health service delivery at Wakiso health centre. The study concluded that government was ineffective in providing health care to the people of Wakiso Town Council. This was evidenced from inadequate health staffing with few and poorly remunerated staff, poor health infrastructure characterised by inadequate staff houses, few buildings to accommodate all key health departments, and a poor delivery chain of health care consumables such as drugs, medicines and sundries at the only health centre in Wakiso Town Council. This led to escalation of diseases, ailments and occurrence of preventable deaths, hence indicating government ineffectiveness in health service delivery. The study recommended that government should increase funding to the health sector to at least 15% of the GDP in order to have enough funds for procuring adequate health care consumables. This in line with the Millennium Development Goals and the Abuja Declaration of increasing budgetary contributions to the health sector if the development targets on health such as maternal health, child health, malaria and other areas are to be achieved. Key Words: Government, Delivery, Health Services, Wakiso District.
Push and Pull Factors for the Commercialisation of Street Begging in Kampala City: A Case Study of Central Division.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Wandera, Stephen
WANDERA STEPHEN (2011-M092-20051) Push and Pull Factors for the Commercialisation of Street Begging in Kampala City: A Case Study of Central Division. Commercialisation of street begging has become one of the social menaces in Kampala City Central Division due to its consequences such as child abuse and night robbery. Despite these consequences, little effort has been undertaken to study the causes of proliferating rates of this practice. This study, therefore, set out to examine factors influencing the commercialisation of street begging in Uganda taking Kampala City Central Division as a case study. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the push factors that influence the commercialisation of street begging, to identify pull factors that influence the commercialisation of street begging, and to identify the challenges faced by street beggars on streets of Kampala City Central Division. The study adopted a descriptive case study design basically qualitative in approach to study a sample of 98 respondents. Data were collected using interviews, observation and self-administered questionnaires. These participants were selected using convenient sampling technique with the exception of key informants from government ministries and institutions who were purposively selected. Findings identified a range of push and pull factors that influence the commercialisation of street begging in Kampala City Central Division. The factors basically included wars, land conflicts, and domestic problems on the push factors‟ side, and high income expectations, social amenities and peer pressure on the pull factors‟ side. It was further established that street beggars face a lot of challenges on the streets and these basically included lack of basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, shelter, and security. It was concluded that the factors influencing the commercialisation of street begging in Kampala City Central Division were multidimensional, hence it is recommended that a multidimensional approach to tackling the problem of street begging would be ideal. Key Words: Push, Pull, Factors, Commercialisation, Street Begging, Kampala City.
Effects of Post-Armed Conflict Issues on Women’s Agricultural Productivity in Gulu District: A Case Study of Palaro Sub-county Community.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Teleka, Stella
TEREKA STELLA (2011-M092-20048) Effects of Post-Armed Conflict Issues on Women’s Agricultural Productivity in Gulu District: A Case Study of Palaro Sub-county Community. The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of Post-Armed Conflict on Women‟s Agricultural Productivity, using Palaro sub-county in Gulu district as a case study. Specific focus was given to three post-armed conflict issues that are evident and pronounced in the area of study. These include land disputes, gender-based violence and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The study looked at land disputes and how they affect women‟s access to land. Availability and access to land has a tremendous bearing on the extent of agricultural activities that the women can do. With reference to gender-based violence against women and the unequal power relations that exist between men and women, the study looked at it within the context of how it affects women‟s access to financial credit which is essential for them to improve their farming and lead to their empowerment. HIV/AIDS and its effect on women in the context of labour availability for agricultural farming is the other issue the study explored. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects women than men. From the analysis of the field data, over 80% of women in the area of study are actively engaged in agricultural farming. Generally, a qualitative approach with a combination of other data collection tools and methods were employed for the study. These included the use of data from focus group discussions, household interviews and key informant interviews. The target group comprised of both men and women between 18 to 60 years. The results of the study indicated that indeed women are faced with numerous challenges with regard to access to land for farming and these are exacerbated by disputes over land between men and women, men and men and among families and relatives. Gender-based violence that exists between families and the effects of HIV/AIDS also intensify the post-armed conflict situation in the study area. It was found that women can hardly access agricultural credit from commercial banks given their limited access or lack of properties like land for collateral which is a prerequisite for one to be availed with credit for agricultural purposes. In addition, the high rate of gender related violence directed at women in the community, coupled with limited sources of credit in Palaro sub-county further compound the problem. The study also revealed that HIV/AIDS has had a negative impact on women considering their reduced numbers affecting their ability to engage in agricultural farming. It should be noted that women in these communities play a pivotal role in the farming process with most times little or no support from their male counterparts The main recommendations of the study are; Acholi cultural leaders in partnership with all stakeholders should review the customary land laws and practices that are discriminatory. There is a need for multi-dimensional and holistic approaches that address the root causes of women‟s vulnerabilities to land disputes, Gender-Based Violence and HIV/AIDS and as well as its impacts. The principle conclusion is that coping with the post-armed conflict recovery has been very difficult for the women as they find it difficult to engage in meaningful farming or agriculture as a way of improving their livelihood and general standards of living. The post-conflict situation is always expected to be a resettlement, recovery and development phase where meaningful livelihood activities are supposed to be carried out. Key Words: Post-Armed Conflict, Issues, Women, Agricultural Productivity, Gulu District
The Impact of Increased Enrolment of Students on the Quality of Teaching and Learning: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Kakuuto County, Rakai District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Tamale, Ronald
TAMALE RONALD (2008-MO53-10017) The Impact of Increased Enrolment of Students on the Quality of Teaching and Learning: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Kakuuto County, Rakai District. The research is about the impact of increased enrolment on the quality of teaching and learning. The case study is Kakuuto County in Rakai district. The study is against a background of the continued need for secondary education in Uganda leading to an increase in enrolment in secondary schools. The research is based on causes of increased enrolment of students in secondary school, the salient characteristics of quality teaching and learning in secondary schools and the effects of increased enrolment on the quality of teaching and learning in secondary schools in Kakuuto County. Qualitative and quantitative approaches to research were used during the study. Questionnaires, interview schedule, observation checklist and reviewing of relevant literature and documentary analysis were used while compiling data in the field. In the findings, it was discovered that increased enrolment of students was caused by poor policies applied by government in the quest to ensure that secondary schools absorb as many students as possible. Parents also contributed to increased enrolment through their demand for education for their children. In the research findings it was discovered that the problem of increased enrolment has greatly affected the academic standards of many secondary schools, such as creating scarcity of school infrastructures, over working teachers amidst inadequate teaching materials like text books, laboratory equipment and chemicals. To make matters worse, teachers are among the least paid government workers who receive low salaries that cannot march with the high inflation rates in the economy of Uganda. The salient characteristics of quality teaching and learning included; coaching and mentoring by head teachers, using applicable approaches to students with different needs, and periodic assessment of students. They also include students‟ counselling, engaging students in group work among others. The research was concluded by asserting that, measuring carrying capacity of secondary schools is crucial to reduce increased enrolment; there is a need of adopting ICT as a measure to deal with increasing numbers. There is need to create a higher education system with diversified institutions, responding to human resources requirements, funding, encouraging the setting up of quality-controlled private institutions and promoting quality assurance in public schools. The key recommendations were that the government should increase resource allocation particularly to secondary schools. In order to achieve this, financial donations should be sought from multi-national organisations engaged in funding educational projects, so that construction of classrooms can be done to solve the problem of inadequate school infrastructures. Furthermore, stakeholders such as the Board of Governors should seriously play their supervisory roles; parents should continue assisting secondary schools by contributing more money to subsidise that money paid by government. Similarly, teachers as very important stakeholders should be paid reasonable salaries that are commensurate with Uganda‟s cost of living and inflationary tendencies and in that way, they will work very hard in order to contribute to the academic progress of secondary schools. Key Words: Enrolment, Students, Teaching, Learning, Secondary, Rakai District
The Contribution of Uganda Primary Education to the Socio-Economic Development of Primary Seven Leavers in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Kibaale Town Council.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Talagaboine, John
TALAGABOINE JOHN (2010-MO93-10042) The Contribution of Uganda Primary Education to the Socio-Economic Development of Primary Seven Leavers in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Kibaale Town Council. The study topic was “The contribution of the Uganda Primary Education to the Socio-Economic Development of Primary Seven (P7) leavers in Kibaale Town Council, Kibaale district”. The general purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the Uganda Primary Education and the socio-economic development of P7 graduates by studying its contribution to the socio-economic development. Specifically, the study focused on the contribution of Primary Education, challenges that retard its contribution and if improved Primary Education would increase its contribution to the socio-economic development of P7 leavers. The study was conducted using a case study design applying both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect and analyse raw data. These approaches were preferred because they enable thorough investigation of a single case; ease the generation of attitudes, opinions, and experiences besides enabling the interaction between the researcher and respondents. Raw data were collected using interview guides and questionnaire forms because they enable interaction of the researcher with the respondents, and clarification of the questions. The sample included 60 P7 leavers, 12 teachers, 40 other community members, 4 local leaders, and 1 community development officer. These categories of people were preferred because they are implementers of government programmes for socio-economic development. The other community members and P7 graduates are directly affected by the prevailing situation in the study area. The study findings revealed that Primary Education contributes to the socio-economic development of P7 leavers but to a smaller extent hence, reducing the relationship between Primary Education and the socio-economic development. One hundred percent (100%) of the respondents subjected to questionnaires agreed on this and so were those subjected to interviews. The contributions of Primary Education include, availing P7 graduates with simple skills of leadership at a family level(17%), clearing access roads(33%), engage in small scale projects for a moderate living (50% ) and somehow some skills to relate well with others in the society (25%). Primary Education in Uganda is faced with several challenges that retard its contribution to society. They include inadequate curriculum, infrastructure and capital, lack of parent support, poor implementation strategies, inefficient leadership, and generally lack of concerted effort among the different stakeholders. Improved Primary Education can raise its contribution to the socio-economic livelihoods of P7 leavers though not to an advanced level as it is in other developed countries. However, it would provide a basis for better livelihoods in developing countries. The researcher concluded that many people have received Primary Education hence, accessibility has been achieved. However, their socio-economic development still leaves a lot to be desired because of the poor quality of education being rendered now. Therefore, the extent to which Primary Education has contributed to the socio-economic development of P7 graduates is smaller due to some challenges faced. Primary Education in Uganda requires some interventions in order to raise its benefits in as far as Primary School leavers‟ socio-economic development is concerned. The researcher, therefore, recommends; the curriculum should be redesigned to become more relevant to people‟s needs. The Primary Education curriculum should be complete in itself to enable primary school leavers be useful to themselves and to the community at large even when they have not continued with Post-Primary Education. This should be done through a blend of strategies, innovations, and reforms in the education system especially at primary level. Key Words: Uganda Primary Education, Socio-Economic Development, Rural Areas, Kibaale Town Council
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Farmer Field School Extension Approach in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture Among the Rural Farmers in Agago District: A Case Study of Parabongo Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Tabu, Justin
TABU JUSTIN (2007-M093-10129) An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Farmer Field School Extension Approach in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture Among the Rural Farmers in Agago District: A Case Study of Parabongo Sub-county. Farmer Field School (FFS) is a popular education and extension approach worldwide. Such schools use experiential learning and a group approach to facilitate farmers in making decisions, solving problems, and learning new techniques. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Farmer Field School extension approach in promoting sustainable agriculture among the rural farmers in Parabongo sub-county, Agago district. The specific objectives of this study were: To establish the functions of FFS Extension Approach in promoting sustainable agriculture, to find out to what extent FFS approach is boosting sustainable agriculture and to craft strategies that will improve the implementation of FFS approach methodology as one of the agricultural extension approaches. This study used on a case study design; both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were employed. An interview guide was used to collect data through key informants; focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to gather data from the other selected respondents. The major findings of the study are the following; on its functions in the life of a rural farmer, FFS methodology has the ability to build the capacity of the farmers to become experts because it is farmer lead, it encourages farmers to experiment, empowers the farmers to think independently, it builds self confidence in the farmers especially for the women due to equal participation and it encourages the formation of the cooperative working groups. As regards the extent to which it interacts with the key component of sustainable agriculture, the research found that the approach is also effective in boosting the sustainable agriculture by strengthening the key element of sustainability through the practical training integration of environmental protection in production, emphasis on economical sustainability and contextualising the social sustainability. The FFS is an experimental, participatory learning methodology, it promotes new learning without compromising the experiences of the farmers, uses the problem solving approach based on the a specific location, therefore, the study concludes that: FFS as a model is the most effective and appropriate extension methodology for validation and dissemination of agricultural technologies and practices which eventually lead to people-oriented and sustainable agriculture amongst the rural farmers. However, the study also discovered that there has been a gap in the FFS in the way the FFS extension approach is being handled by the different implementers, the training duration and ideology behind. The study recommends that the government and her line department of Agricultural extension should prioritise the adaptation of the FFS extension for knowledge and technology transfer; NGOs and other stake holders active in FSAL sectors not to take FFS as a means of securing funds from donors but should treat it as one of the extension approaches that needs to be adopted by the framers for their survival; rural farmers to embrace the FFS extension approach and its evolution into the FFS network as the best and the only way through which the farmers are empowered to access markets for their produce at an affordable cost; need for future research on how FFS extension approach can be used to train the local farmers on other non-crop products. Key Words: Rural Farmers, School Extension Approach, Sustainable Agriculture Rural Farmers, Agago District.
Impact of Agricultural Training on Sustainable Development in Kabonera Sub-county, Masaka District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Ssemakula, Paul
SSEMAKULA PAUL (2011-M092-30013) Impact of Agricultural Training on Sustainable Development in Kabonera Sub-county, Masaka District. This study focused on the impact of agricultural training on sustainable development in Kabonera sub-county, Masaka district. It is a study centred on the dialectical relationship between training and sustainable development. If agricultural, environmental and livelihood sustainability are to be pursued, illumined and enhanced, for the transformation and uplifting of people, training is central to this development process. The study had three objectives namely: To find out the impact of agricultural training on sustainable agricultural development; To find out the impact of agricultural training on environmental sustainability; To find out the impact of agricultural training on farmers‟ sustainable livelihoods. The study followed a descriptive cross-sectional case study research design and used four methods to collect data namely: interview method, questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation method. Data were analysed using both descriptive statistics and thematic narrative analysis. The major findings were that: training has impacted sustainable agricultural development by enhancing the adoption of science and skills of organic farming, practicing of commercial and integrated farming, learning skills of resource utilisation, pest control, records keeping and group formation. These have resulted into improved production, food security and women empowerment among others. Secondly, training has also impacted environmental sustainability. Farmers have been trained to eliminate use of harmful chemicals, soil erosion, water contamination and air pollution through running their farms as ecosystems, practicing agro-forestry, soil, lands and water preservation and management plus waste management. As a result, environmental conservation and fuel saving practices have been adopted; health, hygiene and sanitation have improved in households. Thirdly, the findings revealed that training has also positively impacted farmers‟ sustainable livelihoods by training them in livelihood strategies and innovative skills to diversify into incomes, capacity to work on their household needs and problems plus improved standards of living. In conclusion, training has proved to be an effective approach in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Although there is progress, the findings revealed various constraints and low percentages of achievement. The study, therefore, recommended that for more sustainable agricultural growth, Government and NGOs involved in training should come up with new ways of bringing most farmers on board and doing effective monitoring. For greater environmental sustainability, more training at all levels on the looming environmental crisis plus government enforcement of available legislations are called for. To enhance greater livelihood the recommendation goes to Parliament to come up with better, meaningful and effective livelihood strategies to boost rural capacity, income and well-being especially in areas of value addition, food processing, and coffee marketing. The study concludes with some areas for further research. Key Words: Agricultural Training, Sustainable Development, Masaka District.
An Evaluative Study on the Contribution of Microcredit Schemes to Rural Development in Uganda: A Case Study of BRAC Soroti Branch.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Ssemakula, Emmanuel
SSEMAKULA EMMANUEL (2008-M043-10011) An Evaluative Study on the Contribution of Microcredit Schemes to Rural Development in Uganda: A Case Study of BRAC Soroti Branch. This study focused on evaluating the contribution of microcredit schemes to rural development in Uganda. The overall purpose was to assess the extent to which microcredit schemes have influenced rural development taking a case study of BRAC Soroti branch. Specifically, the study examined the level of access to BRAC microcredit schemes, the contribution of micro-credit facility of BRAC to rural transformation and the challenges faced in utilising microcredit facilities. The study was carried out with BRAC Soroti branch. A case study design was adapted in combination with the analytical research design. The study targeted BRAC beneficiaries within their groups of which most were women. A sample of 116 respondents was obtained while data were collected using interviews and an administered questionnaire as well as a focus group discussion guide. The study thus found the respondents knowledgeable about BRAC services which enabled them to seek them. Generally the requirements for accessing microloans were relatively fair as most beneficiaries simply had to belong to a group. Microloans offered range from two hundred thousand shillings to six hundred thousand shillings for those in groups while individual borrowers may receive up to one million shillings. The microloans were mostly used to establish small scale ventures more so in the agriculture sector with a few cases engaging in businesses. The findings also pointed to most beneficiaries earning less than fifty thousand shillings before obtaining the loans but after using them, the incomes improved fairly to not more than five hundred thousand shillings. Not many beneficiaries reported increase in assets though a substantial number reported saving part of the incomes. Challenges faced related to untimely processing of loans, a high interest rate in comparison to business operations, a short repayment period and group dynamics. Fewer reports of defaulting were reported not forgetting poor loan management skills. The study, thus, recommends BRAC to address the challenges through direct community involvement in policy adjustment, improve on loan management skills among borrowers and re-developing its model in order to include men on the scheme. Key Words: Microcredit Schemes, Rural Development, BRAC, Soroti Branch.
Challenges Faced by Communities in Combating Malaria in Tororo District: A Case Study of Nagongera Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Ssali, Andrew
SSALI ANDREW (2011-MO92-40016) Challenges Faced by Communities in Combating Malaria in Tororo District: A Case Study of Nagongera Sub-county. This study was set to establish the challenges faced by rural communities in combating Malaria in Tororo district as per the sixth millennium development goal of the United Nations. This study aimed to achieve three main objectives that are: establishing the knowledge levels of the people about Malaria, finding out people‟s treatment seeking behaviour and Malaria‟s economic implication to the population. The study used a case study strategy. The approach used was triangulation applying both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The instruments used for data collection were mainly interview guides. The researcher also consulted secondary data which were compared with the data that were collected for this study from the field and conclusions were made. The sample size of the population was 180 respondents. The tools were tested for reliability before the real data collection exercise was started. Random and non-random sampling techniques were employed for sampling study participants. The data were managed and processed for analysis preparation. The ethical considerations were followed. The study faced some challenges but measures to minimize them were devised. Data from the key informants and from the focus group discussions were used to supplement the data that were extracted from the survey using interviews. Majority of the respondents were female ranging from the age of 15 to 84 years. Furthermore, majority of the respondents were subsistence farmers and all the respondents were Christians. It emerged that Malaria is indeed a problem in this area. Peoples‟ knowledge about the disease is also scanty because one may give a cause and fails to give a symptom or even how to prevent the disease. Various sources of information about first line treatment of Malaria were mentioned ranging from school to health centres. The treatment seeking behaviour varied from visiting a health facility to praying. There are various reasons for doing that. The economic implications of the endemic were also identified. These included prevention of people from doing their usual tasks hence reduced productivity, discouragement of savings for investments, making people move long distances in search for treatment for the sick household members and also making children of school-going age miss their lessons. This affects their performance as well. Key Words: Communities, Malaria, Tororo District
The Challenges Posed by less-Involvement of Beneficiaries to the Success of Non-Governmental Organisations’ Development Programmes: A Case Study of Bubulo County, Manafwa District in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Sematimba, Isa
SEMATIMBA ISA (2011-MO92-40015) The Challenges Posed by less-Involvement of Beneficiaries to the Success of Non-Governmental Organisations’ Development Programmes: A Case Study of Bubulo County, Manafwa District in Uganda. Over the years, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have tremendously become very important and permanent institutions in the implementation of development projects worldwide especially in the third world countries of Africa. However, many NGOs have failed to successfully achieve their common goal of sustainably improving the lives of the under-served community. This study highlights the less-involvement of the beneficiaries as a major hindrance to the success of many NGO-development programmes in Manafwa district, with a case study of Bubulo County in Uganda. The major objective of this study was to establish the thesis that the full-involvement and participation of the beneficiaries is indispensable for the success of non-governmental organisations‟ Development Programmes in Manafwa district. As regards the methodology, the study employed a qualitative paradigm because it focussed on the success of NGO-development programmes which is qualitatively measured, although the indicators were quantitatively measured not as triangulation but as direct combination. The study procedure commenced with a proposal followed by data collection and finally the dissertation writing. The geographical area was Bubulo County, Manafwa district in Uganda with the study sample being one hundred and forty respondents. The sampling technique was purposive-random sampling employing; questionnaires, interview guides and observations as the instruments, with data-quality-control highly considered. The key findings of the study were that; although there are many NGOs in the district such as ARDI, LBA, World Vision, Red Cross Society and CHRISCO among others with commended work, they have generally not fully-involved their beneficiaries in the development programmes especially in problem identification, needs assessment, project planning and designing, and monitoring and evaluation. Although many beneficiaries are involved in the implementation stage, they are basically passive with limited contribution. The other key finding was that these NGOs have not generally succeeded in their ultimate goal of achieving lasting socio-economic transformation of the lives of their beneficiaries, through positive transformation of their livelihoods, behavioural change and sustainability. And the last key finding was that there is a thin line between the level of the beneficiaries‟ involvement and the success of these NGO-development programmes according to the respondents, and indeed the low levels of beneficiaries‟ involvement greatly affects their feeling of project ownership, addressing the real causes of the target problem and finding locally-replicable appropriate solutions which affects sustainability, translating into non-success. From these key-findings, including the secondary findings from other literature, therefore, it can be concluded that; indeed the less-involvement of the beneficiaries grossly challenges the success of NGO-development programmes in Manafwa district, therefore recommending full-beneficiary participations and preferably beneficiary-led project/programmes. Key Words: less-Involvement, Beneficiaries, Non-Governmental Organisations, Development Programmes, Manafwa District.
The Impact of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS on the Infection rate of Children: A Case Study of Kumi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Oter, John Denis
OTER JOHN DENNIS (2011-M092-40013) The Impact of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS on the Infection rate of Children: A Case Study of Kumi District. HIV/AIDS and its adverse effects continue to give serious threats to development in Kumi district. The HIV prevalence rate in Kumi is estimated at 12.9% against the national average of 6.7%. Due to the high prevalence rates in the country, Uganda AIDS commission is emphasising the principle where all stakeholders operating in the fight against HIV/AIDS should rely on a comprehensive plan, which is well coordinated. There should be close monitoring and evaluation for improved service delivery. As a result Kumi district has a complementary strategic plan developed through participatory planning methodologies as a response mechanism to curb down the prevalence rates. This study sought to provide an insight into the impact of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) on the infection rate of children in Kumi district. It focuses on the reality of HIV/AIDS and PMTCT, how PMTCT is implemented in the district, the HIV infection rate of children before the implementation of PMTCT and the HIV infection rate of children with the PMTCT intervention in place. The study also sought to establish some of the challenges that inhibit successful implementation of the intervention in the district. The methodology used included, questionnaires with open-ended questions, focus group discussions and interviews conducted with key informants on the obstetric care, provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV positive mothers, ANC and PNC visits in regard to VCT and ARVs adherence in accordance with the PMTCT programme and the possible perceived challenges. Results-the perceived results by the respondents were improvement in general obstetric care, accessibility of the ARVs for PMTCT, staff training for PMTCT and awareness creation in the communities. The major challenge was with the reluctance of some women to complete the follow-up process, the high loss to follow up, and poor turn up for VCT. Due to these reasons, the district adopted a policy of compulsory couple testing during ANC visits. In some instances there is failure to adhere to the family planning and sex education guidelines. There are also instances of non-disclosure of HIV status to partners and difficulties in infant feeding for the HIV mothers. Most striking is the failure of the programme to engage all the categories of women of reproductive age to embrace the intervention strategies which aim to keep the women of reproductive age and their partners HIV negative, preventing un wanted pregnancies among HIV infected women and provide better integration of HIV care, treatment and support for HIV infected women and their families. Key Words: Prevention, Mother-Child Transmission, HIV/AIDS, Infection, Children, Kumi District.
The Impact of Farming in Wetlands on Ground Biodiversity in Gweri Sub-county in Soroti District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Oonyu, Jude
OONYU JUDE (2008-MO93-10147) The Impact of Farming in Wetlands on Ground Biodiversity in Gweri Sub-county in Soroti District. Wetlands are very important in the existence of human beings and ecosystem. Currently there has been encroachment on wetlands thus affecting the many advantages that they bring to both humanity and animal life. The study was conducted in Gweri sub-county in Soroti district to find out the impact of farming in wetlands on ground biodiversity. The study variables were: farming in wetlands and the environment. Exploratory research design and purposive sampling were used because the research intended to explore new areas and because the respondents chosen at the Gweri sub-county were fairly knowledgeable about the subject. Questionnaires were developed and interviews were conducted to get the data. The overall objective was to find out the impact of farming in wetlands/swamps to the environment. The specific objectives were: to find out the kind of farming activities in wetlands in Gweri sub-county in Soroti district; to find out how these farming activities impact on ground biodiversity in Gweri sub-county in Soroti district; and to come up with some suggestions to address the challenges brought about by wetland farming on ground biodiversity. The research questions were to find out: the kind of farming activities in wetlands in Gweri sub-county in Soroti district; how these farming activities impact on ground biodiversity in Gweri sub-county in Soroti district; and come up with some suggestions to address the challenges brought about by wetland farming on ground biodiversity. The gaps in the literature review were the positive and negative effects of farming on wetlands on ground biodiversity such as increased incomes and standard of living and the destabilisation of the eco-system, destruction of aquatic life and increased soil erosion thus leading to soil infertility. The study revealed that farming on wetlands has adverse effects that affects the environment and are long lasting effects while the economic gains/benefits got are short lived and benefit only few people. The Government needs to enforce its rules, regulations, policies and bylaws governing the use of wetlands, in-depth sensitisations need to be carried out and trainings should be conducted for local government field extension staff. Key Words: Farming, Wetlands, Ground Biodiversity, Soroti District.
An Assessment of Factors Influencing Women Participation in Governance and Management of Saccos in Nebbi District: A Case Study of Selected Saccos from Jonam County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Onenchan, Gabriel P.
ONENCHAN GABRIEL .P. (2010-M093-10038) An Assessment of Factors Influencing Women Participation in Governance and Management of Saccos in Nebbi District: A Case Study of Selected Saccos from Jonam County. This research presents the findings of the study which was conducted on “Assessment of factors influencing the involvement and participation of women in governance and management SACCOs in Nebbi district”: A case study of two selected SACCOs from Jonam County. The objective of the study was to assess the level of women participation in Savings and Credit Cooperative Organisations (SACCOs). The specific objectives were: to find out the policy frameworks, political and legal factors, and socio-economic factors influencing or contributing to women‟s participation in governance and management of SACCOs. The study used a case study design and both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. The sample size was 178 that included ordinary SACCO members, group leaders representing their various groups, and SACCO board members and Management staff. The major methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews and observations. The data collected were analysed by the researcher to establish whether the responses addressed the research objectives indicated in the study. The major findings of the study included factors influencing active participation of women in SACCOS. It was observed that women participate more in groups than as individuals because of the free atmosphere of expression, confidence building, self-actualisation and freedom to enjoy rights without duress. Many women have practiced leadership through group dynamics: for instance, involving every member and giving equal opportunities to participate in decision making and exercise voting rights. However, the study found out that individual women in Panyango SACCO and Pakwach Nam SACCO have competed neck to neck with their male counterparts for leadership positions. For instance, the Chairpersons of both SACCOs are led by women; Panyango SACCO is managed currently by a female manager, the accountant of Pakwach Nam SACCO is a female. The study concluded that social networks and women forums for lobby and advocacy are important avenues of creating awareness and enlightenment for the females in joining SACCOs. The study recommends that more training be carried in formation of more groups in encouraging group dynamics and strengthening group solidarity in uniting women to address their cause appropriately. From the economic perspective, the savings culture should be promoted for future investment, and product development interventions would lead to expansion in the female members‟ absorption capacity so that they grow out the domestic businesses. Key Words: Influence, Women Participation, Governance and Management, Saccos, Nebbi District
Assessing the Effect of some Employee Benefits on Employee Performance in the Private Education Sector: A Case Study of Selected Private Secondary Schools in Midia Sub-county, Koboko District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012) Onam, Innocent
ONAMA INNOCENT (2012-M091-10006) Assessing the Effect of some Employee Benefits on Employee Performance in the Private Education Sector: A Case Study of Selected Private Secondary Schools in Midia Sub-county, Koboko District. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of some employee benefits on employee performance in the private education sector. The research questions are: What are the types of employee benefits in the selected private secondary schools in Midia sub-county, Koboko district? What is the level of employee performance in the selected private secondary schools in Midia sub-county, Koboko district? What is the extent to which employee benefits affect employee performance in the selected private secondary schools in Midia sub-county, Koboko district? A case study research design was adopted majorly taking a qualitative approach. It involved two schools from Media sub-county, Koboko district that were selected by probability sampling. A total of 28 respondents were involved: 4 members of board of governors, 2 head teachers and 4 heads of departments were purposively chosen; 14 teachers and 4 parents were chosen using simple random sampling. Data were collected through interview guides, semi-structured questionnaires, documentary reviews and observation checklists and analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings revealed that a number of employee benefits existed in these schools. Though the benefits were found to be motivating, they were considered to be insufficient, hence, the need for their improvement. It was also established that informal performance management processes and appraisal exercises took place in these schools. It was found out that where there were benefits in place, the employees felt more appreciated and, therefore, motivated to work hence performed better. The study then concluded that there is need for these schools to improve on the employee benefits in order to motivate their employees, adopt more formal performance management and appraisal processes, and find other ways of motivating the employees to work much more harder than what they were doing at the moment of this study. Key Words: Employee Benefits, Performance, Private Education Sector, Secondary Schools, Koboko District.
Assessment of Poverty Alleviation through Agricultural Modernisation in Uganda Learning from Farmer’s Experiences: A Case Study of Bukedea District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Okurut, Simon Peter
OKURUT SIMON PETER (2009-M033-20031) Assessment of Poverty Alleviation through Agricultural Modernisation in Uganda Learning from Farmer’s Experiences: A Case Study of Bukedea District. The agricultural sector‟s productivity has stagnated; yields per capita for food crops have fallen and the market share for the major export crops, such as coffee, cotton and tea has fallen. Recognising the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to reducing mass poverty, the government of Uganda has since 2000 been implementing the plan for modernisation of agriculture (PMA) as a key policy initiative aimed at reducing poverty. The PMA whose overall objective is to enhance production, competitiveness and incomes, has an ambitious agenda of policy and institutional reform across seven pillars, a key one of which is improving delivery of agricultural extension through the new National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) programme. The general objective of this study was to assess the contribution of a new strategy for agriculture (NAADS) promoted by the Government towards poverty alleviation in Bukedea district Uganda. The study revealed that over 90% of the farmers in NAADS perceived that the services provided by NAADS were relevant to their production needs. The study recommends that there is need to increase the expertise of farmers to make logical decisions on what works best for them, based on their own observations of agricultural input development and multiplication site. Finally there was need to establish coherent farmer groups that facilitate a cost effective out reach of many subsistence farmers to promote farmer empowerment. In a conclusion, though NAADS is making progress in promoting farmers progression from subsistence production to market oriented production, there is still a need to build farmers capacity to add value to their produce and make improved farm inputs more readily available and accessible to many farmers for better yields. Key Words: Poverty, Alleviation,Agricultural Modernisation, Farmers, Experiences, Bukedea District.
Educating Women: A Strategy towards Improving the Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Adekokwok Sub-county, Lira District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Okello, Peter O.
OKELLO PETERS OQWIR (2011-MO92-40009) Educating Women: A Strategy towards Improving the Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Adekokwok Sub-county, Lira District. The major focus of this study was to explore the role that education can play in the socio-economic empowerment of women. This involved a case study of women in Adekokwok sub-county in Lira district. The study focused on establishing the level of socio-economic empowerment of women in Adekokwok sub-county, their level of literacy and also explored other challenges to women‟s socio-economic empowerment in this area. The study employed across-sectional paradigm which involved the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in the collection, analysis and presentation of data. The main tools of data collection involved the use of a questionnaire and an interview guide for conducting the face to face interviews. However, other secondary sources of documented information also formed a crucial part in building the theoretical framework and perspective of the study where related works of other scholars were extensively reviewed. The presentation and analysis of the study findings involved the use of tables, percentages and other descriptive modes. A summary of the major findings shows that the level of socio-economic empowerment among women in Adekokwok sub-county is still very low, the literacy levels among these women were also found to be very wanting. The study also found out that apart from illiteracy, there were also other challenges/factors constraining the socio-economic empowerment of women in this area. Because of the above findings, the study concluded that illiteracy, poverty, oppression by men, bad traditional practices and inadequate legal and policy protection among others were the major constraints to women‟s socio- economic empowerment. Therefore, because of the above finding and conclusions, the study recommended more enrolment of girls in schools through offering special incentives and also adult literacy programmes for women who missed formal education. It also recommended the formulation and execution of laws and policies which promote and protect women empowerment causes and above all the abolition of cultural practices that promote male superiority at the expense of women. Effort was also made to suggest some grey areas for future research in relation to the issue of women empowerment. Key Words: Educating Women, Socio-Economic Empowerment, Lira District.
The Impact of Alternative Basic Education for Karimojong Programme on the Socio-Economic Development of Nakapiripirit District: A Case Study of Lorengedwat Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Okello, Tonny Agaza
OKELLO TONNY AGAZA (2011-M092-40010) The Impact of Alternative Basic Education for Karimojong Programme on the Socio-Economic Development of Nakapiripirit District: A Case Study of Lorengedwat Sub-county. The study sought to establish the impact of Alternative Basic Education for Karimojong (ABEK) programme on the socio-economic development of Nakapiripirit district in Lorengedwat sub-county. The study was guided by four specific objectives which include; determining what constitutes the ABEK programme, examining the effect of ABEK on the socio-economic development of the people of Karamoja, assessing the challenges faced in the implementation of ABEK and pointing out other factors influencing the socio-economic development of the people of Karamoja. The study considered a cross-sectional research design where both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. The qualitative approach was used to assess the quality of the socio-economic development of the people. Qualitative data was done in a descriptive and narrative manner. Quantitative data thereon came in for the purpose of quantifying the qualitative data. The study findings were that the major components of the ABEK programme are peace and security; the effect of the ABEK programme on socio-economic development of the people of Karamoja is mainly improved peace, stability and security; the greatest challenge encountered in the implementation of ABEK programme is inadequate instructional materials; and herding is the most common other economic activity in which people are involved other than ABEK programme. The study recommends the need for additional instructional and play materials for children so as to facilitate proper learning and acquisition of literacy and numeracy; the number of facilitators needs to be increased to a minimum of four such that each handles a different grade; the learning facilities and environments require urgent attention; tents which could be dismantled in preparation for shifting to other grazing areas are highly recommended; children attending ABEK lessons need to be separated according to grade and/or age and be taught age specific topics and need to provide registers to facilitators. Key Words: Alternative, Basic Education, Karimojong Programme, Socio-Economic Development, Nakapiripirit District.
Civil Society Organisations’ Roles in the Promotion of Accountability in Service Delivery in Nebbi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Ogamdhogwa, Moses
OGAMDHOGWA MOSES (2009-M033-20030) Civil Society Organisations’ Roles in the Promotion of Accountability in Service Delivery in Nebbi District. The study is about Civil Society Organisations‟ (CSOs) work and promotion of accountability in service delivery in Uganda with Nebbi district as a case study. Like all the districts in Uganda today, Nebbi district has adopted innovations that include the use of an Information Management System (IMIS), and an Output-Based Performance Tracking (OPBT) system that have been introduced by the Ministry of Local government (MoLG) to improve on management and performance of local governments. However, with all these innovations, there are still gaps in service delivery manifested by poor accountability. Therefore, with the growth in number of CSOs and their vibrancy as a non-state actor in the district, it was widely believed that they would undertake oversight and monitoring roles since it is one of their roles. However, this has not done much as there are still gaps in services being received by the citizens from local government in the district. As such, this scenario provided the basis of this study. The main objective was to establish CSOs‟ roles in promoting accountability in service delivery in Nebbi district. Specific objectives were to establish the nature of engagement between CSOs and local government on promotion of accountability, examine the effects their engagements on accountability and to explore the challenges that affect CSOs‟ work on accountability. The study was undertaken using a case study research design combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The instruments used for data collection included interview guide, focus group discussion, questionnaire and document reviews. The findings show that CSOs‟ engagements have mainly been through meetings and dialogues. But their inadequate capacity has greatly affected their results. This is made worse by lack of effective communication between CSOs, and also between CSOs and local government as well. In conclusion, CSOs‟ roles in promotion of accountability in service delivery has very little to do with one entity of CSO of NGOs type but CBOs and FBOs as well but it is the question of wrong, inappropriate strategies and polices as well. With CSOs distributed throughout the district, the bigger question remains, why can‟t they all act together using their numerical strength to promote accountability? This is a contradiction. And where is the problem rooted. It is about having the right diagnosis for this question to achieve the right results. CSOs should rethink their strategies and how they look at accountability in general while building their capacities. This study, therefore, recommends the need for CSOs in the district to embark on the programme of institutional capacity building so as to effectively engage with local governments at all levels; CSOs and local governments should effectively collaborate to bridge the communication gap and existing laws to clearly provide operational guidelines to allow collaboration. When implemented, it is envisaged that cases where civil society organisations and local government conflict on duplication of activities and lack of transparency will be minimised. Key Words: Civil Society Organisations, Roles, Promotion, Accountability, Service Delivery, Nebbi District.
The Contribution of the NAADS Programme to Rural Development in Sembabule District: A Case Study of Mijwala Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Ntanda, Irene
NTANDA IRENE (2008-M092-20090) The Contribution of the NAADS Programme to Rural Development in Sembabule District: A Case Study of Mijwala Sub-county. The study set out to establish the contribution of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) Programme to rural development in Sembabule district. It focused on the three parishes of Mijwala sub-county (Nsoga, Mabindo and Kidokolo). This study in particular skewed its attention to a three-year period (2010 to 2013) within Phase II of the NAADS programme that started in the financial year 2010 and ends in 2015. Phase II focused more on improvements in planning and implementation of the programme and was, therefore, expected to have a more harmonised approach to implementation and, as a result, be more beneficial to the targeted beneficiaries; the farmers. The objectives of this study were to find out the interventions carried out by the NAADS programme; to find out how and if the interventions undertaken by NAADS led to changes in improved production, processing and marketing methods/practices of farmers; to identify the factors that either enhanced or limited contribution by NAADS in changing production, processing and marketing practices; and to propose actions for district and national level planners regarding scaling-up good practices, based on lessons learned. The study employed both a qualitative and quantitative approach and randomised sampling procedure for 60 farmer respondents, comprising of both male and female respondents and purposive selections of 6 others charged with the NAADS programme in Mijwala sub-county. The study gleaned information from the field by use of observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and face-to-face interviews, which were considered appropriate because of their flexibility for the respondents. The key findings of this study show high expectations of the NAADS programme among the target communities. Capacity building among farmers is slow, unsystematic and not practical enough to enable adequate adoption of new technologies. Findings also revealed that there were few demonstration sites that were established and, as a result, this hindered the uptake levels of the farmers. New farming practices included, row planting, weed control, plant population density and the making of multi-mineral blocks as supplementary feeding for animals in the dry season. New skills included small-scale water drip technologies for irrigation, training in new farming techniques, improved livelihoods through working in groups and collaborations with other institutions. Although implementation is sluggish, the NAADS programme has benefited some farmers. The programme is also fraught with a number of challenges that include low co-funding, corruption, political interference, supply of inadequate and poor quality inputs, inadequate extension services, impractical training events, poor market linkages and poor post-harvest handling techniques. The NAADS programme plan was good but did not match the expectations of the majority of the farmers, leading to low production levels and incomes, which in turn, impacted the intended results. The research study suggests various recommendations for district and national level planners as well as the farmers, which include but are not limited to: boosting the number and interaction time of extension service providers and the appropriateness of training events, clearly defined input supply systems and establishment of irrigation schemes/rain-water harvesting technologies. It is the researcher‟s desire that the findings will be made relevant in the implementation of the NAADS programme and enable it meet its objectives. Key Words: NAADS Programme, Rural Development, Sembabule District.

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