School of Arts and Social Sciences

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Abuses and Exploitation of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities by Diplomatic Corps and International/Regional Organisations in Uganda.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Sekitoleko, Juliet
SEKITOLEKO JULIET (2014-M172-20009) Abuses and Exploitation of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities by Diplomatic Corps and International/Regional Organisations in Uganda. The aim of this study was to examine how the current regime of diplomatic privileges and immunities have been abused and exploited by the diplomatic corps and international organisations in Uganda. The study was carried out in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and selected Diplomatic Missions in Uganda. The choice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was rationalised by the fact that it was the custodian of diplomatic privileges. The use of diplomatic missions is due to the reason that these missions are the beneficiaries of diplomatic privileges. The study focused on abuse of diplomatic privileges and immunities by Diplomatic Missions in Uganda. The study covered a period from 2010 to 2015. A quantitative design using case study approach was used in this study. The researcher was confident it would enable the study to achieve its objectives. The case study approach was useful because it excelled at bringing us to an understanding of the abuses of diplomatic immunity in Uganda through detailed contextual analysis of the situation elsewhere. Questionnaires and interviews were the research tools that were applied in data collection in this study and data was analysed quantitatively. All data was compiled, sorted, edited and coded to have the required quality and completeness and was analysed according to the research questions. The study found out that diplomatic abuse of diplomatic privileges and immunities is quite existent in Uganda in contravention of the Vienna Convention (1961) as the laws guide diplomatic personal representation are too wide and so fallacious that diplomats use it to contravene the Convention laws guiding diplomatic business in a host nation. The study concluded that although granting diplomatic immunity and privileges was not intended to break the laws therein and those laws governing the host country, the legal basis of immunities in the Vienna Convention 1961 is contravened. Diplomatic privileges and immunities are exploited to the benefit of individual diplomats. The study recommends that the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and its constituent laws should be amended to accommodate laws that govern the behaviours that are common to crimes committed by diplomatic officials. Areas that should be revisited are Article 34 which prohibits diplomats from paying taxes on even non-diplomatic mission goods, prosecution of drink-driving offences and mistreatment of local diplomatic staff by diplomats. The study also recommends that the perceived weaker nations should uphold and protect their sovereignty regardless of the status of the sending nations. Partnerships with small states should strengthen their sovereignty. Key Words: Diplomatic Privileges, Immunities, International/Regional Organisation.
Acculturation and wellbeing of refugees: a study of Somalis in Kampala-Uganda
(University of Melbourne, 2015) Balyejjusa, Senkosi Moses
Although there is substantial research on refugee acculturation in developed and industrialised countries, there is limited research on the same within Africa in general and Uganda in particular. This study fills this gap by investigating, analysing and describing Somali refugees’ acculturation strategies, ways in which Ugandans influence Somali refugees’ acculturation and the relationship between Somali refugees’ acculturation and their wellbeing. In this thesis I argue that Somali refugees’ acculturation is selective and purposive, and contextual. The selective and purposive actions of Somali refugees are determined by the expected benefits from a particular behaviour, availability of alternatives, situational and individual factors. On the other hand, the contextual factors such as the multi-cultural and religious nature of the host community, laws promoting refugee freedoms and rights, Somali refugees’ residential status and perceived dissimilarity between the cultures of the two groups independently influenced Somali refugees’ acculturation and wellbeing. More importantly, these contextual factors also influenced Somali refugees’ selective and purposive actions in some respects. I conclude by showing that the combination of selective and purposive actions and contextual factors demonstrates Somali refugees’ exercise of socio-culturally mediated agency during their acculturation process and in pursuance of their wellbeing.
Application of Business Ethics in International Trade: A Case Study of Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd and Diffusion Engineers Ltd.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Luteete, Mikka
LUTEETE MIKKA (2011-M162-20001) Application of Business Ethics in International Trade: A Case Study of Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd and Diffusion Engineers Ltd. Uganda is at a stage when industrialisation and investments are on the increase because of its available raw materials and ready market. In the course of their duties, however, various ethical issues come up due to their minding about profit maximisation. Ethics has been attracting heightened attention throughout the World. Different Stake holder‟s expectations of the business have increasingly ranged from maximisation of profits to strong levels of Ethics. Research on Ethics in the Ugandan context has been minimal. Therefore, there is a need for international businesses in Uganda to actively embrace application of ethics. This descriptive research sought to check the application of ethics in international trade organisations, the relationship between ethics and trade development, analysis of ethical laws and judicial precedents. The researcher employed multiple research methods, which were qualitative and quantitative. The field data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations. The secondary data were obtained through extensive literature review of documents. The results of the study showed that ethical applications in Ugandan corporations are very minimal since there is no government body for its enforceability. The report recommends a fact that in order for the application of ethics to be a success in our trade corporations, there is need for the government to liaise with the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Industry and the Uganda Investment Board to come up with strict procedures on the practices of business in Uganda. This will help regulate on the relationship between employers and their employees. Key Words: Business Ethics, International Trade, Rwenzori Bottling Co. Ltd, Diffusion Engineers Ltd
Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Osodo, Philip
OSODO PHILIP (2008-M083-10019) Assessing Local Perceptions and Commitments to Peace Building, Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Teso and Karamoja Sub Regions. The study set out to investigate the local perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation in and between the cross-border resettlement communities of Iteso, Thur and Karimojong at Kapelebyong, Lokopo and Nyakwae sub-counties in Amuria, Napak and Abim districts in the Teso and Karamoja sub regions in North Eastern Uganda. It used a case study as its research design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to establish the perceptions and commitments to peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation between and among pastoral communities in north eastern Uganda, especially the Karimojong and Iteso; to assess the attribution of different initiatives undertaken by different stakeholders to address the conflict between and among the Karimojong and Iteso of north eastern Uganda and; to suggest recommendations and best practices that could guide the future processes of addressing conflicts between and among pastoral communities especially those in north-eastern Uganda. The study found out that, telling the truth about wrong things committed, reconciling the conflicting parties, regular interactions through holding of dialogue meetings to discuss issues of common effect to the concerned communities, demystifying attitudes, beliefs, animosities, prejudices that create hatred and divide people in and between communities, offering and sharing of available material, moral, skill and spiritual assistance to and between people in need is crucial for sustainable peace building, conflict resolution and conflict transformation. The study concluded that, through combined efforts of government of Uganda and Non-Governmental Organisations, well-wishers, international community and the local communities, there is now relative peace; reintegration of the conflicting parties, restitution, restoration, rehabilitation, among people and the communities. However, there is need to sustain peace building capacities and structures that can prevent the conflict re-occurrences in the future. The study recommends that, the government of Uganda should mobilise resources locally and globally to facilitate the post-conflict re-construction programmes for Teso and Karamoja sub-regions. The government of Uganda should also demystify the growing cross-border land/line tensions between Teso and Karamoja. Key Words: Local Perceptions, Commitments, Peace Building, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Transformation, Karamoja Sub Regions.
Assessing the Accessibility to Secondary Education by the Physically Disabled Persons in Kabale Municipality, South Western Uganda
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Byarugaba, Narcisio Bavuli
BYARUGABA NARCISIO BAVULI (2007-MO83-100102) Assessing the Accessibility to Secondary Education by the Physically Disabled Persons in Kabale Municipality, South Western Uganda The study assessed the accessibility to secondary education by the physically disabled persons in Kabale Municipality, South Western Uganda. The objectives of the study included examining the accessibility by the physically disabled persons to Secondary Schools; assessing people‟s attitudes towards the physically disabled persons; finding out the causes of their low enrolment in secondary schools; and devising strategies of enhancing human rights and increasing enrolment of physically disabled persons in schools. The data collection instruments were self-administered questionnaires which were distributed to the respondents at their work place by the researcher during working hours. Interview guides were also used. The interviews were conducted in the local language “Rukiga” and the responses recorded in English for easing communication. Finally, an observation checklist was used. The researcher conducted personal interviews and observation at the time other instruments were being distributed to respondents in their respective work places and homes. The collected data was manually analysed to obtain percentages and frequencies. The findings of the study revealed that peoples‟ attitudes towards the disabled persons were negative. Major causes of low enrolment in secondary schools included ignorance, lack of sensitisation, negative attitudes and not knowing the rights of the physically disabled persons. The strategies of enhancing human rights and increasing enrolment of physically disabled persons in Kabale municipality included: sensitising, counselling and educating the populace, religious leaders, political and civil leaders about the importance of educating disabled persons in an appropriate learning environment. Key Words: Accessibility, Secondary School, Physically Disabled Persons, Kabale Municipality.
Assessing the Contribution of Agricultural Extension Services to Food Security at Kyaka II Refugee settlement.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Aluma, Noha Yahaya
ALUMA NOHA YAHAYA (2014-M092-20016) Assessing the Contribution of Agricultural Extension Services to Food Security at Kyaka II Refugee settlement. The purpose of the study was to assess the contribution of agricultural extension services to food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. The study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish how farmer sensitisation/training affects food security among refugee communities in Kyaka II refugee settlement, to establish the relationship between distribution of seeds/farm inputs and food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement and to determine the relationship between monitoring of farmers and food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. A cross sectional and quantitative survey, was used in the selection of 162 respondents from Kyaka II refugee settlement. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Results showed that sensitisation/training does not associate positively with food security of the Kyaka II refugee settlement, distribution of seeds/farm inputs associates positively with food security of Kyaka II Refugee Settlement and monitoring of farmers associates positively with food security in Kyaka II refugee settlement. The study, therefore, recommended that it is important to train refugee farmers on how to do the farming; however, this is not enough as a lot has to be done on the most effective methods to do the sensitisation in order to have positive impact on the food security. Sensitisation of refugee farmers is good but the provision of the farm inputs to farmers creates a bigger positive impact on improvement of food security. However, the farm inputs should be given in the right time, in the right quantities and qualities and to the right people. Additionally, in order to have continuous food security, farmers should always be monitored by the concerned stakeholders such that they are helped in areas where they feel they are not doing well in farming, those that are lazy are pushed to do something and with this effort, food security will be attained in the area. Key Words: Agricultural Extension Services, Food Security, Kyaka II Refugee settlement.
Assessing the Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development of Rural Households: A Case Study of SMEs in Kanyantorogo Sub-County Kanungu District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Birungi, Herbert
BIRUNGI HERBERT (2013-M092-20002) Assessing the Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development of Rural Households: A Case Study of SMEs in Kanyantorogo Sub-County Kanungu District. The study sought to assess the contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to economic development of rural households in Kanyantorogo sub-county. Specifically, the study was conducted to establish the nature of Small and Medium Enterprises, explore the contribution of SMEs towards creation of employment opportunities for rural households, establish how SMEs have increased household income, establish the contribution of SMEs to household food security and lastly explore how SMEs have improved health for rural households. However, key challenges facing SMEs and how SMEs can be made more effective were also established during interviews and also included in this report. A case study design using qualitative approach was adopted by this study in data collection and analysis. Purposive sampling was used to sample the 33 respondents who participated in the study. A total of 33 face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 SMEs owners, 10 SMEs household members, 07 SME employees and 06 government officials in senior positions charged with responsibility over SMEs. This research adopted a case study design to answer four major questions i.e. what is the nature of SMEs? In what specific ways have SMEs contributed to economic development of rural households? What are the challenges faced by SMEs? and in what ways can SMEs become more effective? The findings show that SMEs are distributed across all sectors with majority in the agricultural sector, with a high number of small enterprises as compared to medium enterprises. It was revealed that most employees are employed by small enterprises compared to medium enterprises; most SMEs were started with a motive of increasing income, followed by employment creation and market opportunity availability with more older persons economically productive than the youth. Most SMEs in Kanyantorogo sub-county are owned by sole proprietors with majority of them registered with local tax collection authorities. Results of the study further show that SMEs have contributed greatly to economic development of rural households through their role in poverty reduction, income generation, creation of employment opportunities and promotion of investment which all have improved food security and health for household members. Major challenges faced by SMEs are crime, lack of technical skills, and lack of finances and taxation which all hinder establishment and growth of the sector. Major recommendations suggested for improving effectiveness of SMEs are development of business management skills, change of attitude and strengthening government‟s commitment. Key Words: Small and Medium Enterprises, Economic Development, Rural Households, Kanungu District.
Assessing the Coping Mechanisms of Local Government to Inadequate Funding for Efficient and Effective Service Delivery: A Case Study of Kibaale District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2010) Lwanga, Anthony Claret
LWANGA ANTHONY CLARET (2010-M083-10026) Assessing the Coping Mechanisms of Local Government to Inadequate Funding for Efficient and Effective Service Delivery: A Case Study of Kibaale District. Uganda adopted the decentralisation strategy way back in 1993 but there have been persistent cries and concerns about inadequate funding to local governments and its impact on efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery. This study was about establishing and documenting the copying mechanisms of local governments with specific focus on Kibaale district in the face of inadequate resources resulting from the abolition of graduated tax. The variables treated in the study included staff morale, revenue sources, and governance in relation to effective service delivery in local government. The researcher used questionnaires which had both closed and open ended questions which were administered to members of the executive, members of the technical and planning committee, Community Development Officers, and members of the finance committee. Focus Group Discussions for selected support staff from the district and lower local governments were conducted and there was critical documentary analysis where records were analysed and scrutinised with the help of research assistants. The findings revealed that there is inadequate remuneration of staff to run the district effectively, limited budget, inadequate accommodation, low pay and incentives, effective planning and budgeting. However, in spite of the aforementioned, there was reported high performance, effective appropriation of funds, transparency and accountability being taken seriously, participatory decision making, effective finance standing committees and political support. The study concludes that better remuneration packages for employees, budget expansion, best practices, provision of accommodation for staff, pay rise, identifying appropriate revenue sources, effective collection of revenue, encouraging participatory decision making, provision of accommodation for staff and good working relations between policy makers and technical staff are key to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in local governments. It is highly recommended that the good practices exhibited by Kibaale local government should be improved into best practices for efficient and effective service delivery in the District. Key Words: Mechanisms, Local Government, Service Delivery, Kibaale District.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes in the Reintegration of Children in Street Situations in Kampala District: A Case Study of Selected Non-Governmental Organisations.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Kalule, Willington
KALULE WILLINGTON (2014-M092-20014) Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes in the Reintegration of Children in Street Situations in Kampala District: A Case Study of Selected Non-Governmental Organisations. The study was conducted in four non-government organisations in the divisions of Kawempe, Makindye, Nakawa and Rubaga in Kampala district. The major objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes in the reintegration of children in street situations in four chosen organisations in Kampala district. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the content and pedagogy of the rehabilitation programmes; find out opinions of the organisations on their rehabilitation programmes; explore the perceptions of the rehabilitated children in street situations that have undergone rehabilitation towards these programmes; and to find out the views of the selected care giver community towards rehabilitation programmes in the selected organisations. Using both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, the researcher adopted a case study design, using interviews and a questionnaire on a sample of 72 respondents. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic and discursive method while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, specifically, frequencies and percentages. Findings were that the content of rehabilitation programmes in the organisations that were under study seemed to majorly contain education, basic needs, counselling and guidance giving less attention to skills development, bible sharing and psychosocial support. The pedagogy under which these organisations operated was not clear and no organisation gave a clear picture of what pushed them to work with children in street situations. In objective two, findings revealed that rehabilitation programmes helped to transform lives of children in street situations. However, rehabilitation programmes were not so much of behavioural change agents. Child acceptance and love where given little attention as important end results of rehabilitation programmes. Creating a positive community impact was not given great attention by all the organisations in the study. The findings in objective three revealed that children perceived rehabilitation programmes as those that helped improve their ways of behaviour from street ethics to behaviour accepted in society, feel valued and loved and enabled them to study. Most children, however, complained they were being returned home quickly against their will. The language used in the programme (English) was also a communication challenge to most of them and threatening them with punishment when they made mistakes also scared them. The findings in objective four revealed that caregivers perceived rehabilitation programmes as those which helped their children become humble. They, however, were not happy with rehabilitation programmes they thought to have defective elements where children were taught their rights but not their obligations at home. They said programmes also brought about failure of children to disassociate themselves from organisations in which they were. The mixture of children of all categories was also another challenge where they picked on other bad behaviours from other children. In order to attain effective rehabilitation programmes in the reintegration of children in street situations, a uniform rehabilitation programme for children in street situations be designed by government for all organisations in this field. Organisations should sensitise their staff about the pedagogy under which they operate to help streamline organisation activities and motivate staff to work towards the same direction. Organisations should go for more qualified counsellors and sensitise their staff about the elements in their rehabilitation programmes for proper operations. Children in street situations should get sensitised about rehabilitation to adequately prepare for reintegration. Caregivers and communities should be sensitised by organisations about rehabilitation programmes, children‟ rights for successful reintegration of children in street situations. Government should revisit the period the children in street situations have to spend in rehabilitation homes on rehabilitation programmes for adequate time to rehabilitate and reintegrate these children. Key Words: Rehabilitation Programmes, Non-Governmental Organisations, Street Children, Kampala District.
Assessing the Effects of Sponsorship Scheme on the Education of the Girl Child: A Case Study of Kyazanga Rural Sub–County, Lwengo District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Ntezumukiza, Deogratias
NTEZUMUKIZA DEOGRATIAS (2013 – M092 – 30002) Assessing the Effects of Sponsorship Scheme on the Education of the Girl Child: A Case Study of Kyazanga Rural Sub–County, Lwengo District. The research entitled, „Assessing the effects of sponsorship scheme on the education of the girl child‟ was conducted in Kyazanga sub-county, Lwengo district. The study was carried out with the following objectives: to find out the effects of timely payment of school fees on girl child class attendance, to establish the effects of scholastic materials on girl child performance and to find out the relationship between provision of meals and girl child retention in school in Kyazanga Rural sub-county. The study tried to find answers to three research questions which were formulated to guide the study. The research methodology was a case study design where both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in Kyazanga sub-county, Lwengo district. The sample size was determined using purposive sampling and the sample size consisted of 80 subjects. The data collection tools included: a questionnaire and interview guide which were given to selected head teachers, teachers, pupils in primary school and community leaders. Quality control was kept to ensure that the findings were reliable; the researcher sorted the data, edited it and processed using electronic devices. Data was analysed and presented in tables and figures. To ensure validity, the instruments were first pretested before data collection. The ethical consideration was also observed whereby the participants were briefed and participation was voluntary based on the consent of the participants. The findings indicate that sponsorship scheme has had a great effect on the education of the girl child through timely payment of school fees, provision of scholastic materials and meals which have enhanced girl child attendance, improved class performance, and increased retention rates respectively. The researcher recommended that sponsorship organisations should increase coverage of schools and girl children sponsored. Sponsorship should embrace timely payment of school fees, provision of scholastic materials and provision of meals. Development partners like non-government organisations should provide trainings to parents to support early girl child education. Key Words: Sponsorship Scheme, Education, Girl Child, Lwengo District.
Assessing the Impact of Child labour on Children’s Welfare in Tobacco Growing Areas in Uganda: A Case Study of Masindi District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2006) Kato, Gerald
KATO GERALD (2006-MO83-10018) Assessing the Impact of Child labour on Children’s Welfare in Tobacco Growing Areas in Uganda: A Case Study of Masindi District. This study focused on the impact of child labour on children‟s welfare in tobacco growing areas in Uganda. The study was based on a review of existing literature and actual fieldwork carried out in Masindi district of Uganda. It sought to: (a) explore the factors that are responsible for children engaging into tobacco growing; (b) assess the impact of child labour on children‟s welfare or socio-economic development in tobacco growing areas; (c) establish the policies and laws that protect children against child labour; and (d) make suggestions that will reduce child labour in Masindi district. The study was carried out in Masindi district, one of the districts with the highest proportion of child labourers working in agricultural plantations. In this study, in-depth interviews and focus group methods were used to collect qualitative data. Evidence from the study confirmed that many children were engaged in child labour in tobacco growing areas in Masindi district. Various factors contribute to children working as child labourers on tobacco farms and central to these factors given were: the irresponsibility of their parents and/or guardians who were hardly bothered about school and instead preferred their children to make money out of child labour; and weak implementation of policy and legal framework of child labour related legal instruments at grassroot level. It was established that there was limited logistical support to enable the responsible parties to implement these laws and policies leading to the increase in child labour. With regard to the various factors that are responsible for child labour, the study showed that various negative impacts on child labourers‟ health, education and social development have been witnessed. These impacts have tremendously affected the optimal developmental background of child labourers and thus denying them the opportunity to prepare and equip themselves academically, socially, and emotionally for the future. The study also showed that even the existing policies and laws that protect child labour in Uganda have not been applied in reality in that they inadequately address child rights issues which deny them the opportunity to live as children and have not afforded them equal access to opportunities as compared to other sectors in Uganda. The cost implication of this has been many children engaging in child labour which has got terrible negative impacts on the child‟s social development. If government sensitised society about the laws and policies related to child labour and set up rules and regulations to guide the implementation of these laws and policies, it is certain that children would not fall victims of child labour. Various suggestions were made in the study to curb child labour in tobacco growing areas and central to this was the elimination of child labour in tobacco farms. In order to achieve this, child labourers proposed that government should: establish strict laws on child labour; put a mechanism in place to limit the size of tobacco farms to manageable levels in order to reduce the pressure on children to manage them; and sensitise and carry out advocacy campaigns against child labour on tobacco farms and that parents and guardians should seek alternative sources of labour. From the study, it is evident that the prevalence of child labour in tobacco growing areas undermines decent work, food security and child education which make child labour in tobacco growing farms very difficult to tackle and eliminate. This has led to the elimination of child labour in tobacco growing areas to remain a challenge. Unless a concerted effort is made by stakeholders to address this problem, especially, its root causes such as poverty and food insecurity, the goal to eliminate child labour will be impossible to achieve. Key Words: Assessing, Child Labour, Tobacco growing, Masindi District.
Assessing the Impact of Uganda’s Participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia on its Foreign Policy Performance
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2011) Achato, Daniel
ACHATO DANIEL (2011-M172-20001) Assessing the Impact of Uganda’s Participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia on its Foreign Policy Performance In recent years, Peace Keeping Missions (PKMs) have attracted attention throughout the world especially on the issue that states which participate in PKMs are interfering in the sovereignty of other states and, therefore, contradicting the basic principles of international law and attracting unnecessary hostility towards themselves. Previous research into effect of PKMs on foreign policy 109 performance has yielded mixed results and in the Ugandan context has been minimal. What is clear, however, is that the foreign policy implementers in Uganda have embraced the idea of PKMs as is evidenced by Uganda‟s participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). There are still questions though, on how participating in PKMs affects the foreign policy performance of a state. This descriptive research study sought to answer the question and provide information to various stakeholders on the effect of participation in PKM‟S, on a countries foreign policy performance. A survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data on factors that influence PKM practice, and its effect on Uganda‟s foreign policy performance. An analysis of the survey has indicated that Uganda‟s participation in AMISOM has a positive effect on foreign policy performance especially when it comes to the fulfilment of Uganda‟s foreign policy objectives such as the promotion of regional security. Results of the study further indicated that PKMs is just one of the myriad factors that affect foreign policy performance as there are many other factors that a country like Uganda needs to take into consideration regarding performance. The insights obtained from the study are of relevance to stakeholders and managers of foreign policy. Key Words: African Union Mission, Somalia, Foreign Policy Performance
Assessing the Influence of Organic Farming on Food Security in Luweero District: A Case Study of Kikyusa Sub-County.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2013) Kyakuwa, Joan
KYAKUWA JOAN (2013-M092-20006) Assessing the Influence of Organic Farming on Food Security in Luweero District: A Case Study of Kikyusa Sub-County. The study was done to assess the influence of organic farming on food security in Kikyusa sub-county, Luweero district with specific objectives that included; (a) to find out whether inter-cropping under organic farming has increased food availability (b) to determine whether the use of organic manure has contributed to food utilisation (c) to establish the role of bio-pesticides in promoting food stability (d) to find out the challenges encountered by organic farmers in Kikyusa sub-county. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches, using a case study design. The study population consisted of organic farmers and agricultural extension workers from kikyusa sub-county. A sample size of 100 organic farmers was selected for the study using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The study used both primary and secondary sources to collect data. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, interview guides, focus group discussions and observations. The secondary data was collected through documentary review. The study findings indicated that inter-cropping and use of manure have had a positive effect on food security by 90% in Kikyusa sub-county. The use of these techniques was proved to have a great influence in improving soil fertility and food production. For instance, inter-cropping showed to have a significant influence in the production of food diversity and maintaining soil fertility. The use of manure was found to have a great influence in producing vitamins and protein-rich food crops by 85%. However, it was found that the use of bio-pesticides has not had any impact on food stability. The main food crops grown included; bananas, beans, maize, sweet potatoes, cassava, kyetumula, green vegetables and fruits including mangoes, oranges and pineapples. The study found that the main challenges that organic farmers face in Kikyusa sub-county included; unfavourable weather changes, pests and diseases and lack of market for their crops. In conclusion, the study noted that organic farming has high potential to improve food security in Kikyusa sub-county, hence, it is recommended to improve farmer‟s knowledge on new organic farming methods and adequate investment in research on organic farming practices. Finally, farmers should be empowered to have access to credit facilities through micro-finance institutions so that they can expand their production and be able to supply their products to markets. Key Words: Organic Farming, Food Security, Luweero District.
Assessing the Role of Non-State Actors in Mitigating Juvenile Delinquency: A Case Study of Selected Non-State Actors in Yambio Town, Western Equatoria State, South Sudan.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Zungumbia, Jarvas Benidict
ZUNGUMBIA JARVAS BENEDICT (2014-M062-20001) Assessing the Role of Non-State Actors in Mitigating Juvenile Delinquency: A Case Study of Selected Non-State Actors in Yambio Town, Western Equatoria State, South Sudan. This study is designed to probe an understanding into the role that the selected Non-State Actors within Western Equatoria State (WES) especially Yambio Town, undertake to mitigate delinquency among vulnerable children. These selected Non-State Actors include: family, community and the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as situated within the circles of the social ecological system of the child. The study is set to answer questions on the following (i) the approaches which the selected Non-State Actors undertake to mitigate delinquency among vulnerable children, (ii) their specific ways in mitigating delinquency and lastly (iii) the challenges which the selected Non-State Actors face in mitigating delinquency. The study is designed qualitatively, as it examines social processes within the social ecological system of the child. On this note, the research revealed different methods that the selected non-state actors employ as approaches in the fight against delinquency. These approaches included on the part of the mentoring, family bonding, parent-child relationship, shaping the future, meanwhile community include; community engagement, community resilience, keeping good morals by exerting influence. As well the Non-Governmental Organisations have different approaches such as child Rights promotion, social Protection for vulnerable children. Also the selected non-state actors developed specific ways to combat delinquency. In doing so the family have the following specific ways: ensuring safety nets for vulnerable children, enrolling children in schools, ensuring positive socialisation, sustainable solutions. On the same note, the community gets involved in: community initiatives, risk mitigation, building protective environments, availing community responsibilities to youths. Non-Governmental Organisations usher in: parents' enhancement, consultation with families, psycho-social programmes for vulnerable children, violence prevention and peace education projects through sports, encouraging parents to ensure early stimulation of children, early child development projects, health projects for children and parents, awareness on children‟s rights and needs, provision of child friendly Space (CFS). Western Equatoria State, a region which has been embroiled in instabilities has a resultant obstacle that can impede the any activity. Therefore, the selected non-state actors have encountered challenges in pursuit of delinquency mitigation among vulnerable children. These non-state actors are facing a number of challenges some of which are not of their own making. Families as one of the non-state actors have challenges such as viscious cycle of poverty, inappropriate discipline styles, limited family income etc. In the same line communities continue to encounter challenges such as: risky neighbourhood communities, community instability. More still the NGOs, have registered the following challenges: limited resources, staff with limited knowledge on child rights, inadequate research on delinquency specific threats. This study has revealed that much as the selected non-state actors continue to fight against delinquency, much more is needed in terms of synergy between them, sourcing for resources, and enhancing their capacities respectively. Key Words: Non-State Actors, Mitigating Juvenile Delinquency, South Sudan.
Assessing the social-economic contribution of international students on two selected universities in Kampala, Uganda
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012-07) Mukasa, Samuel
This study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of international students on Ugandan universities and there after using the information gathered to propose ways of how government and other education providers can maximize the benefits from international students. The study was premised on mixed methods strategies with more inclination towards qualitative strategies. The research sample composed of 54 respondents of which 34 were female and 20 were male these were selected using different methods of sampling like purposive, simple random sample and snow ball from Makerere University and Kampala International University. Socio-demographic information such as age, sex, country of origin, and how international students learnt about the university has been basically quantitative. Results show that no single reason explains why international students come to Uganda since several and yet diverse reasons were highlighted. These include; peace and security, quality of the education, and intensive advertising. The socio-economic impact that accrues from the presence of international students is gross, socially international students have a great impact in terms of sports where they dominated some sports in some universities, language where many Ugandan students have learnt words in foreign languages, cultural festivals, and beauty pageants. Economically, they pay more tuition than their Ugandan counterparts; they spend a lot of money on necessities and luxuries, which has led to the establishment and growth of businesses around the universities. Lately they also contribute to human resource of the university after their graduation. The negative impacts included drug abuse habits that are fast being taken on by other Uganda students as well as people in the surrounding communities. From the study it was realized that the government and other education providers can maximize the benefits from international students by improving the quality of education, improving infrastructure, maintaining peace in the country and through intensive advertising. In light of the above findings, it was concluded that international students have significant socioeconomic contributions to host universities as well as to the surrounding communities. It is thus recommended that the universities work closely with the government in order to create an attractive environment for international students so as to maximize benefits from them while regulating the negative impact that they could have on the nation as a whole.
An Assessment of Factor Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2008) Akenya, Ochwo Jennipher
AKENYA OCHWO JENNIFER (2008-MO83-10003) An Assessment of Factors Affecting Utilisation of Family Planning Services among Women in Tororo District: A Case Study of Paya Sub-county. This study was carried out on family planning services utilisation among the populace of Paya Sub-county in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. The research sought to analyse the nature of family planning services used the sub–county; the extent to which women utilise family planning services; the factors that affect utilisation of family planning services and suggestions for ways through which access and effective utilisation of the services can be improved. The research adopted the case study exploration design and utilised focus group discussion, interview, observation and documentary analysis data collection methods to gather data. The study established that the traditional methods of family planning were the most used within Paya sub-county followed by natural means. A number of women were not using any family planning methods while others simply abstained. Among the modern family planning methods used in the sub-county, condom use took the biggest share followed by pills, injectable, Norplant and Tube ligation respectively. The major factors affecting utilisation of family planning were mainly the need for more children and the general lack of information, fear for side effects, religious beliefs, myths and rumours. It was, however, suggested that provision of free family planning services, involving men in family planning activities and sensitisation of the communities could improve utilisation of the services in Paya sub-county. From the study, factors affecting the utilisation of family planning services are a combination of historical, social, economic, and religious factors. A number of approaches are needed to enable access and effective utilisation of family planning services. Further studies are suggested in the areas of the quality of family planning services rendered, the best practices in providing family planning services to rural people, and the extent to which health services are accessible to people in rural areas. Key Words: Family Planning Services, Women, Tororo District.
An Assessment of Governance Reforms and Women’s Participation in Enhancing Public Sector Accountability: A Case Study of Nama Sub-County, Mukono District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2007) Turyatemba, Moses
TURYATEMBA MOSES (2007-M083-10008) An Assessment of Governance Reforms and Women’s Participation in Enhancing Public Sector Accountability: A Case Study of Nama Sub-County, Mukono District. The study assessed governance reforms and women‟s participation in public sector accountability in Nama sub-county, Mukono district. Specifically, the study sought to assess:- women‟s participation in the exercise of administrative/managerial authority in local governance; how women‟s participation in public sector accountability enhances good governance and effective social service delivery, and has shown evidence of best practices of governance reforms by women in the district. The study employed a qualitative design combining in-depth interviews with key informants, focus group discussions with community members and a review of secondary data. The main findings show that women were involved in politics and contributed to good governance in Nama sub-county. Women were effective and efficient leaders who exhibited good virtues: patience, commitment, hard work and being good listeners. Their role(s) in public sector accountability were vividly shown through promotion of children‟s education, better social services delivery and fostering community self-help initiatives. With regard to good governance, women leaders caused the planning and implementation of development programmes. Besides serving to provide arenas for local democratic community participation in governance, women contributed to among others gender balance in local councils; more effective and efficient leadership; improved community access to and utilisation of social services. However, the study found that effective women‟s participation in politics and good governance was influenced by socio-cultural, economic and political factors such as: gender biase and social prejudices, unfair division of household labour, unequal power relations, low literacy level and corruption. The study recommends the need to open up further opportunities for women to have full rights and benefit from good governance through increased access to information; provision and improvement of social services. There is also need to extend finance and credit facilities to women to enable them engage in income generating activities (IGAs). The study also recommends that government should put in place measures to promote and sustain women‟s meaningful participation in all governance structures. For further research, the study suggests the need to examine specific programmes initiated by local governments to initiate and promote gender issues at community and household levels. Secondly, there is need to conduct a comparative study of socio-cultural implications of women‟s and men‟s participation in governance on household gender relations in Uganda. Thirdly, further research should be carried out to investigate and document contextual factors that influence women‟s roles in politics and participation in local governance. Key Words: Assessment, Governance Reforms, Women participation, Public Sector, Mukono District
An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2009) Anywar, Martin
ANYWAR MARTIN (2009-M023-20002) An Assessment of how Agricultural Liberalization has Affected Cotton Production in Kitgum District: A Case Study of Selected Cotton Farmers. This study aimed at assessing how agricultural liberalisation has affected cotton production among rural farmers in Kitgum district. The study set out to answer the following research questions: (i) How has agricultural liberalisation affected cotton production among rural cotton farmers in Kitgum?; (ii) What are the underlying causes of the poor farm level cotton production in the era of agricultural liberalisation?, (iii) Can agricultural cooperative unions leverage cotton production among rural cotton farmers? This was a survey that employed descriptive research design to obtain information concerning the current status of cotton production among the rural smallholder cotton farmers. Pre-testing of the data collection instruments was done. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at the sample size and snowball sampling for element sampling. Primary data from 368 respondents was collected through a standard interview guide of open-ended and closed-ended questions. This study employed descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the primary data obtained. The results showed that cotton production in Kitgum has been relegated to smallholder farmers operating individually with most of them belonging to poor and low income households. On average, a rural cotton farmer cultivates cotton on only 1.7 acres, representing only 30 percent of the total land accessible to him/her annually. 97.8 percent of the farmers indicated that agriculture is their first principle source of income; with 33.4 percent depending solely on it for a livelihood. Only 18.2 percent use the ox-ploughs with the use of human labour and the hand-hoe dominating at 53.8 percent. Forty five percent of the farmers have roads that are inaccessible during the rainy seasons. Results also showed that 33.9 percent of the farmers travelled over 30 kilometres to the nearest trading centre, with 61.4 percent of them agreeing that liberalisation demoralised them from producing cotton. With only 4.6 percent of the household heads qualified with tertiary education, and 16.8 percent having no formal education, the rural cotton farmers are very vulnerable to exploitation by lint buyers. Sixty percent of the respondents indicated that cooperative unions might help in addressing their problems; while 54.3 percent of them said they would strongly support the reinstatement of the cotton cooperative unions. It is clear from this study that agricultural cooperatives are the best mechanism to address market and supply chain failures not only in cotton but in almost all agricultural commodities. Cooperative Unions encourage collective farming that maximally exploits the advantages associated with the pooling of scarce resources to invest in farmers‟ operations which helps farmers to become more active market participants, allows them easy access to credit facilities, from funding institutions such as Small Medium Enterprises (SME), commercial banks, etc. The only caveat being that, the formation of cooperatives has to be with the full involvement of all members. Their operations emanate out of detailed supply chain analysis and needs analysis using Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), engagement and training of community members on cooperation principles so that it is internalised and entrenched within the members. Additionally, relevant tie ups and use of business principles to run and manage cooperatives professionally are important factors of success. Key Words: gricultural Liberalisation, Cotton Production, Kitgum District.
Assessment of park resource use by local communities as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected area : the case of Rwenzori Mountains National park adjacent communities
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2012-09) Ochen, Ismael Ochen
Assessment of park resource use by local communities as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas was carried out in communities adjacent to Rwenzori Mountains National Park (RMNP). Since 2008, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) signed 14 Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) with local communities in 15 parishes around RMNP to access dry bamboo, firewood, medicinal plants and mushrooms. There was increased pressure from local communities for resources in the park which had strained the relationship between the park management and the communities. There were also increased illegal activities such as poaching and pit sawing because of negative attitudes towards the park. As a response, 14 MOUs for resource use were signed with communities in 15 parishes adjacent to the park in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012. The purpose of resource access was to allow communities access some resources from the park, so as to reduce conflict with communities and increase their participation in park management. This was to enhance conservation of natural resources in the park. The overall objective of the study was to assess park resource use a strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas. The specific objectives were to assess the resources accessed from RMNP by local communities, the effects of resource use on natural resources conservation, the effectiveness and sustainability of resource use as an incentive strategy for natural resources conservation in protected areas. The research was undertaken between February and May 2012 in communities that were allowed by UWA to access park resources and among staff of UWA working in RMNP. It involved qualitative and quantitative approach using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key interviewees and individual interviewees. Data was collected from 100 community members, 9 park rangers working in RMNP, 6 key interviewees using interview schedules, questionnaires and key interviewees/focus group discussion guide respectively. The study found that resource access has improved relationship between the communities and the park management. There was increased reporting of incidence of illegal activities cited in the park which they had been condoning before resource use. When resource access was formally begun, selective harvesting of only dry bamboos and wood, use of only gazatted paths and cultural sites were promoted. Timeframe for harvesting resources were also agreed by communities to ensure optimal control for sustainability. However the study found instances where resource access hinders conservation of natural resources in the park. There is littering in the park by resource users with polythene and human wastes such as feces and urine. Similarly domestic animals transported through the park also litter with their wastes. These increases risk of infecting wild animals especially apes with human diseases. However, Resource Access Strategy is effective because it has managed to change communities’ negative attitudes towards the park. It is recommended that, UWA should regulate charges levied by Resource Use Committees for accessing some resources to increase affordability. Resource Use Committees should have duty rota to ensure full participation of all members of the committees. The Government of Uganda should also formulate policies to guide and regulate resource use in protected areas.
An Assessment of the Accessibility of Health Services for Hard to Reach Areas: A Case Study of Bugala Island in Kalangala District.
(Uganda Martyrs University, 2014) Masiko, David V.
MASIKO DAVID VIDMAS (2014-M062-20005) An Assessment of the Accessibility of Health Services for Hard to Reach Areas: A Case Study of Bugala Island in Kalangala District. The research focuses on assessing the accessibility of health services in the hard to reach areas with specific focus on Bugala Island in Kalangala District. A clear background and significance of the study has been done specifically focusing on the target area by deriving literature that points to the area of study. The legal frame work of the study was supported by making reference to the 1995 Constitution of the republic of Uganda and other acts of parliament. The problem statement literally brings to light the need for this research. In this case, the problem is that Kalangala is actually a hard to reach area which brings into question how access to health is managed through the delivery of services. There are four objectives addressed in this research; 1) to establish whether grass-root consultations are carried out during national budget development processes. This is mainly to assess government deliberate efforts to prioritise service delivery and how this translates into access to health services; 2) how the health facilities HCII and HCIII handle referral cases. This is mainly to see how health services address real health issues which is an accessibility issue; 3) whether there are factors affecting sufficiency of medical personnel; addressing Human Resource allocation to justify access to health and 4) to recommend methods of improving on health service delivery in hard to reach areas. The conceptual scope, geographical and time scope (8months research) is emphasised. The justification of the study is mainly to look into the policy framework and ascertain whether this can be used as a platform to influence government policy on allocation of resources for hard to reach areas. The conceptual framework is drawn based on the research topic with clear independent variables (e.g. budget prioritisation; transport, communication); Intervening Variables (e.g. Governance) and dependent variables (e.g. Lack of drugs; death). The research adopts the descriptive study approach where it considers both the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the samples to be investigated. The research uses two sampling methods (snowball and purposive sampling) to select 44 respondents i.e. 15men, 20 women, 5 Health In-charges, 3 Local Council Chairpersons and 1 District Health Officer. The data collection method is through key informant interviews for all the respondents using interview guides, questionnaires and observation as key instruments. The data were analysed using Ms Excel where 37 tables, figures and graphs used to further illustrate the findings. The findings in this chapter clearly show that; the budgeting process is fully participatory at local government levels involving local politicians like councillors and most importantly community members. However, the analysis shows that the consultations are carried out but not followed through to the implementation level; the referral system in Bugala mainly depends on Masaka Referral hospital which is off the main island and there is no definite system in place to know whether referral cases actually reach their destinations; there is no water ambulance to ensure that emergency cases reach referral centres; lack of proper transportation and the expensive nature of transport are the main constraints facing the referral system. Most of the recommendations and conclusions are made in light of improving service delivery through policy reform. And so the conclusion made shows that the men and women of Bugala Island do not have access to health services mainly because they are in a hard to reach environment. Whereas there is an indication that the government makes grass-root consultation, the level of these consultations translating into development planning is detached. The interpretation here is that; the failure to provide proper access to health services in Bugala Island only mounts to violations of Human Rights where the right to health, information, and right from discrimination are all classified as violations. Key Words: Health Services, Kalangala District.